HERALDS  AND  HERALDRY  IN 
JONSON'S  PLAYS. 


ILLUSTRATION  FROM  LEGH'S  ACCEDENS  OF  ARMORY,  1576. 

ACHIEVEMENT  OF  THOMAS  LORDE  HAWARDE, 

DUKE  OF  NORFOLKE. 

Folio,  43  a 


L 


HERALDS    AND 
HERALDRY^ 

In  Ben  Jonson's  Plays,  Masques 
and    Entertainments 


B  r 
ARTHUR    HUNT1NGTON    NASON 


M.  A .    (Bowdoin);     Instructor  in  English  in 

New  York    University ;  and  sometime 

University  Fellow  in  English 

at    Columbia. 


University  Heights,   New  York  City 
1907 


TR 


Copyright,  1907 
By  Arthur  Huntingion  Nason 


Press  of 

Burlcigh  d?  Flynt 
Augusta,  Me. 


PREFACE. 

'Y  ENDEAVOR,  in  these  studies  in  the 
Heraldry  of  Ben  Jonson,  has  been  two-fold  : 
first,  to  present  on  a  basis  of  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  century  sources,  those  elements 
of  the  heraldry  of  the  time  that  are  essential  to  an 
understanding  and  enjoyment  of  the  heraldic  passages 
in  Jonson's  works;  and,  second,  to  annotate  in  order 
these  heraldic  passages  in  his  plays,  masques,  and 
entertainments,  partly  in  the  hope  of  amplifying  the 
notes  of  Jonson's  editors,  partly  in  the  hope  of  correcting 
a  portion  of  the  numerous  heraldic  misstatements  they 
have  made. 

So  large  is  the  subject,  however,  that  I  can  hope 
to  make  only  a  beginning,  and  that  with  much  caution. 
When  Ralph  Brooke,  the  York  herald  of  Ben  Jonson's 
day,  gave  vent  to  his  pique  that  William  Camden, 
headmaster  of  Westminster  School,  had  been  appointed, 
over  Brooke  and  other  heralds  of  long  service,  to  the 
office  of  Clarencieux  king  of  arms,  Brooke  warned 
his  successful  rival  that  even  "a  king  muft  be  content  to 
be  laughed  at.  if  he  come  into  Appeles  fhoppe  and 
difpute  about  collours  and  portraiture."  If  this  could 
be  rightly  said  of  learned  Camden,  at  that  time  justly 
famed  for  his  Britannia,  well  may  we  modern  students 
of  Ben  Jonson's  plays  hestitate  before  venturing  to 
discuss  the  mysteries  of  arms  and  pedigrees.  I  hope 


x  Preface. 

that  I  may  have  contributed  something  to  our  knowledge 
of  the  subject.  Nevertheless,  as  Gerard  Legh  says  in 
the  Preface  to  his  Accedens  of  Armory,  "My  attempt 
is  not  of  prefuption  to  teache,  (I  myfelfe  hauing  moft 
need  to  be  taught),  but  only  to  thintent  that  gentlemen 
that  feeke  to  knowe  all  good  thinges,  and  would  haue 
an  entrie  into  this,  may  not  finde  here  a  thing  expedient, 
but  rather  a  poorejielpe  thereto."  . 

I  take  this  opportunity  to  thank  the  officials  of  the 
Columbia  University  library,  of  the  library  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  of  the  New  York  City  and 
Boston  public  libraries,  of  the  library  of  the  Peabody 
Institute,  of  the  Maine  State  Library,  and  of  the  library 
of  New  York  University,  for  the  many  courtesies  they 
have  granted  me  while  pursuing  these  researches.  My 
thanks  are  especially  due  to  Mr.  Samuel  Hill,  Assistant 
Librarian  of  the  Peabody  Institute,  who,  finding  that  I 
had  come  to  Baltimore  one  hot  August  day,  ignorant  of 
the  fact  that  the  library  was  closed  for  the  month, 
admitted  me  to  the  building  and,  at  no  little  inconvenience 
to  himself,  I  fear,  placed  its  collections  at  my  disposal. 
Most  of  all  am  I  indebted  to  the  Harvard  University 
Library,  which  has  sent  me  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
century  volumes  from  which  the  most  valuable  of  my 
illustrations  are  reproduced. 

I  desire  to  thank  also  those  whose  care  and  interest 
has  contributed  to  the  mechanical  preparation  of  the 
book:  Mr.  H.  C.  Thayer,  who,  from  the  faded  and  time- 
stained  wood-cuts  of  1576,  has  produced  the  successful 
line-cuts  of  these  pages;  and  Messrs.  Burleigh  and  Flynt, 


Preface.  xi 

and  the  men  and  women  in  their  employ,  by  whom  the 
book  is  printed.  Among  these  I  am  especially  grateful 
to  Mr.  F.  B.  Teeling. 

That  the  studies  which  compose  this  volume  will  be 
of  interest  to  any  save  the  occasional  specialist,  I  do  not 
expect.  A  very  ancient,  fish-like  story  relates  that  Pat, 
having  shown  the  cathedral  to  his  country  cousin, 
inquired  earnestly, 

"Well,  Mike,  and  what  d'ye  think  of  it  ?  " 

"It  bates  the  Diwle !  " 

"That's  the  intoinshun." 

Recently  I  submitted  a  portion  of  this  volume  to  my 
most  valued  critic.  An  hour  later  I  woke  him  by- 
inquiring, 

"Well,  what  do  you  think  of  it  ?  " 

"It  beats  the — Dictionary  ! " 


A.  H.  N. 


Augusta,  Maine. 

August  22,  1907. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PREFACE.  ......  ix 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.  .  .  .  xiii 

LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS.        ....  xvii 

PART  I.     THE  HERALDS  AND  HERALDRY  OF 
JONSON'S  DAY. 

CHAPTER  I. 

THE  SOURCES  FOR  OUR  STUDY. — Why  the  heraldic  pas- 
sages in  Jonson  invite  discussion. — Scope  and  divisions 
of  the  present  study. — Our  principal  sources  should  be 
the  manuals  of  heraldry  known  to  Jonson's  audience  : 
I^egh'sAccedens  of  Armory  ;  Feme's  Blazon  of  Gent- 
rie;  Bolton's  Elements  of  Armories  ;  Guillim's  Display 
of  Heraldry ;  and  others — Legh's  manual,  the  most 
important. — Its  erudition. — Its  discursiveness. — Its 
content. — Its  short-comings. — Representative  of  the 
decadent  heraldry  of  Jonson's  day.  ....  3 

CHAPTER    II. 

THE  SHIELD,  ITS  TINCTURES,  FORMS,  POINTS  AND 
PARTITIONS. — Armorial  insigna. — The  shield. — The 
field. — The  tinctures :  metals,  colours,  and  furs. — 
Blazon. — Blazon  of  tinctures. — Tricking. — Composition 
of  tinctures. — Forms  of  the  shield. — The  lozenge. — 
The  points  of  the  shield. — The  nine  partitions  :  espe- 
cially party  per  pale,  quarterly,  and  geronne  or  gyrony.  13 

CHAPTER  III. 

THE  CHARGES,  OR  BEARINGS. — Definitions. — Three  classes. 
— The  nine  Honorable  Ordinaries  :  especially  the  cross, 
the  chief,  the  chevron,  and  the  saltier. — The  nine 
Ordinaries  Generall. — The  fifteen  Common  Charges 


xiv  Table  of  Contents. 

mentioned  by  Jonson :  annulet,  bezant,  boar,  boar's 
head,  dragon,  eagle,  fleur-de-lis,  greyhound,  label, 
leek,  lion,  plate,  rose,  star,  sun. — Differences  and 
marks  of  cadency.  ....  ...  26 


CHAPTER  IV. 

THE  MARSHALLING  OF  ARMS. — Definitions. — Importance 
of  the  subject. — Laws  of  marshalling. — Same,  as  stated 
by  Glover,  Somerset  herald  1571-88. — Examples  from 
his  Visitation  of  Yorkshire:  pedigree  and  arms  of 
Clapham  of  Beamsley;  of  Dransfield  of  Stubbs  Walden; 
of  Borough  of  Borough  and  of  Lawson  of  Brough. — As 
a  final  illustration,  an  attempt  to  reconstruct  the  pedi- 
gree and  arms  of  her  Grace,  Aurelia  Clara  Pecunia, 
the  Infanta,  in  Jonson's  Staple  of  News.  37 


CHAPTER  V. 

THE  ACCESSORIES,  AND  THE  COMPLETE  ACHIEVEMENT. — 
Definitions. — Crest. — Wreath. — Helmet. — Mantling. — 
Illustration :  achievement  of  a  knight. — Word,  or 
motto. — Supporters. — Illustration  :  achievement  of  a 
duke. — Garter. — Illustration  :  achievement  of  a  baron. 
— Badges,  or  cognizances. — Royal  badges.  ...  50 

CHAPTER  VI. 

THE  HERALDS'  COLLEGE,  OR  COLLEGE  OF  ARMS. — In- 
corporation.—  Earl  Marshal. — Members:  kings  of 
arms ;  heralds  ;  pursuivants. — Description  by  John 
Dodridge,  the  Solicitor  General,  1600. — Duties  of  the 
heralds  as  defined  by  Dodridge. — Duties  of  the  kings 
of  arms  as  defined  by  Francis  Thynne,  Lancaster 
herald,  1605. — A  detailed  consideration  of  three  duties 
of  the  heralds  :  the  conferring  of  arms  ;  the  recording 
and  certifying  of  pedigrees ;  and  the  supervision  of 
funerals. — Why  such  a  consideration  is  important  to 
the  student  of  Jonson's  plays. — Jonson  satarized  not 
heraldry  but  its  abuse 61 


Table  of  Contents  xv 

PART  II.     NOTES    ON    THE    HERALDIC    PASSAGES    IN 
JONSON'S  PLAYS,  MASQUES  AND  ENTERTAIN- 
MENTS.   75 

THE  ALCHEMIST.* 77 

BARTHOLOMEW  FAIR. — I,  I;  Wks,   II,    153. — II,  I;  Wks, 

II,  158-9 77 

THE  CASE  Is  ALTERED. — IV,  IV;  Wks,  II,  544.         .        .  78 

CATILINE  His  CONSPIRACY. — II,  I;  Wks,  II,  92.         .        .  79 
CYNTHIA'S  REVELS.— II,  I;  Wks,  I,   162.— HI,  III;  Wks, 

I,  170 79 

THE  DEVIL  Is  AN  Ass.* 80 

THE  Fox:     See  VOLPONE.  

EPICCENE,  OR  THE  SILENT  WOMAN. — I,  I;  Wks,  I,  411: 
The  arms  of  Sir  Amorous  La-Foole. — III,  II;  Wks,  I, 
433:  Dr.  Henry's  misinterpretation. — IV,  II;  Wks,  I, 
418:  Dr.  Henry's  misinterpretation.  ...  80 

EVERY  MAN  IN  His  HUMOUR. — Dedication;  Wks,  I,  i: 
William  Camden  as  Clarencieux  king  of  arms;  his 
controversy  with  Brooke,  York  herald;  his  con- 
troversy concerning  his  deputies;  his  bequests  to  his 
colleagues. — I,  III;  Wks,  I,  10-11.  ....  83 

EVERY  MAN  OUT  OF  His  HUMOUR. — I,  I;  Wks,  I,  75. — II, 
I;  Wks,  I,  90.— II,  II;  Wks,  I,  95.— Ill,  I;  Wks,  I, 
97. — III,  I;  Wks,  I,  100. — Same  reference:  The  crest 
of  Sogliardo. — Same:  the  shield  of  Sogliardo. — Same: 
Summary  of  the  arms  of  Sogliardo.  ....  89 

THE  MAGNETIC  LADY.* 99 

MORTIMER,  THE  FALL  OF.* 99 

THE  NEW  INN.— II,  II;  Wks,  II,  354.  ....        99 

THE  POETASTER.— I,  I;  Wks,  I,  212.— II,  I;  Wks,  I,  218: 
The  arms  of  Crispinus;  relation  of,  to  the  name  or 
arms  of  the  poet  Marston;  Mr.  F.  G.  Fleay's  in- 
terpretation; Dr.  B.  Nicholson's  interpretation;  Rev. 
A.  B.  Grosart's  opinion  thereon;  Dr.  H.  S.  Mallory's 
opinions;  the  opinion  of  the  present  writer. — V,  I; 

Wks,  I,  253 99 

THE  SAD  SHEPHERD.* 104 

SEJANUS,  His  FALL.*  104 

THE  SILENT  WOMAN:     See  EPICCKNE 

THH  STAPLE  OF  NEWS. — Dramatis    IVrsonse;    Wks,     II, 

2/S.  105 


xvi  Table  of  Contents. 

I,  II;  Wks,  II,  287-8:     "Buried  with  the  trumpeters;" 
popular  opposition  to  heraldic  funerals  in  1618  et  seq.; 

Dr.  Winter's  inadequate  uote  thereon.            .         .         .  105 

II,  I;  Wks,  II,  292:     "I  have  read  the  Elements  and 
Accidence  and  all  the  leading  books;"  Dr.   Winter's 
misinterpretation.          .             ......  108 

II,  1;  Wks,  II,  292:     "This  so  pure  complexion,  a  per- 
fect   sanguine;"  Dr.  Winter's  misinterpretation,    and 

incidental  heraldic  errors 109 

II,  I;  Wks,  II,  301 113 

IV,  I;  Wks,  II,  321:  Pecunia's  pedigree..              .        .  114 

"             '•             321-2:  Gifford's  note.            .         .         .  114 

'•             "             321:  Dr.  Winter's  note.        .         .         .  115 

"              321:  Arms  of  the  Duke  of  Or.               .  117 

'•              "              322:  Another  coat 118 

"            322:  The  Welsh  coat.            .         .  119 

323 I2i 

324:  Jonson's  opinion  of  heralds.        .  121 
"              325:  "Nullify  him  for  no  gentle- 
man."      122 

A  TALE  OF  A  TUB.— I,  III;  Wks,  II,  445.— II,  I;   Wks,  II, 

454-             124 

VOLPONE,  OR  THE  Fox. — I,  1;  Wks,  I,  342.        .        .        .126 

MASQUES  AND  ENTERTAINMENTS. 

PART  OF  KING  JAMES'S  ENTERTAINMENT  IN  PASSING  TO 

His  CORONATION. — Wks,  II,  556. — 558-9. — 562.            .  127 

PRINCE  HENRY'S  BARRIERS. — Wks,  III,  67. — 67. — 69.       .  130 

A  CHALLENGE  AT  TILT. — Wks,  III,  88 132 

A   MASQUE  OF  THE   METAMORPHOSED   GIPSIES. — Wks, 

III,  141-— 145 i33 

THE  FORTUNATE  ISLES. — Wks,  III,  198 134 

LOVE'S  TRIUMPH  THROUGH  CALLIPOLIS. — Wks,  III,  203.  134 
LOVE'S  WELCOME  AT  WELBECK. — Wks,    III,    215.— 215. 

216.           134 

LOVE'S  WELCOME  AT  BOLSOVER. — Wks,  III,  221. — 221.    .  135 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  AND  INDEX 137 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:    SOURCES.            139 

GENERAL  REFERENCE 141 

EDITIONS  OF  JONSON. 142 

INDEX  AND  HERALDIC  CONCORDANCE 143 


LIST  OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Frontispiece.  Specimen  illustration  from  Legh's 
Accedens  of  Armory,  1576;  Achievement  of  Thomas 
Lorde  Hawarde,  Duke  of  Norfolke.  Folio  43  a. 

1.  Specimen   page   from   Legh's  Accedens  of  Armory, 

1576;  Folio  i.  5 

2.  Arms  of  Anne,  Princess  of  Denmark,  Queen  of  James 

I.;  reproduced  from  The  Mirrovr  of  Maiestie,  1618.       21 

3.  The  nine  points  of  the  shield;  redrawn  from  Guillim's 

Display  of  Heraldry.  22 

4.  The  nine  partitions;  redrawn  from  Legh.  24 

5.  A  lion  rampant;  reproduced  from  Legh,  Folio  44  a.  25 

6.  The  nine  honorable  ordinaries;  redrawn  from  Legh.  28 

7.  An  heraldic  label;  "          "          "  32 

8.  An  heraldic  rose;  "          "          "  32 

9.  An  heraldic  fleur-de-lis;  "          "          "  33 
10,  ii,  12.     Group  to  illustrate  the  laws  of  marshalling. 

Drawn  by  A.  H.  N.,  from  blazons,  i.e.  heraldic 
descriptions,  in  Glover's  Visitation  of  Yorkshire, 

1585-  45 

13.  Hypothetical  marshalling  of  the  arms  of  her  Grace, 

Aurelia  Clara  Pecunia,  the  Infanta,  of  Jonson's 
Staple  of  News.  Drawn  by  A.  H.  N.  48 

14.  The  achievement  of  a  knight;  reproduced  from  Legh, 

Folio  58  a.  53 

15.  The  achievement  of  a  baron;  reproduced  from  Legh, 

Folio,  50  b.  57 

16.  Passant,  guardant,  and  regardant.     A  full  page,  text 

and  illustrations,  reproduced  from  Legh,  Folio 
48  a,  to  illustrate  a  passage  in  Jonson's  Cynthia's 
Revels,  III,  III.  81 

17.  Tricking  of  the  arms  of  Sogliardo,  in  Every  Man  Out 

of  His  Humour,  III,  I.    Drawn  by  A.  H.  N.  95 

1 8.  The   Arms  of    Sogliardo,  a  complete    achievement; 

from  the  blazon,  i.e.  the  heraldic  description,  in 
Every  Man  Out  of  Humour,  III,  I.  Drawn  by 
A.  H.  N.  97 


xviii  List  of  Illustrations. 

19.  Alleged  arms  of  the  poet  Marston,  from  a  blazon  of 

the  arms  of  Marston  in  Burke's  Encyclopaedia  of 
Heraldry;  to  illustrate  Dr.  Nicholson's  interpreta- 
tion of  the  arms  of  Crispinus,  in  The  Poetaster, 
II,  I.  Drawn  by  A.  H.  N.  103 

20.  Modern  device  for  representing  Vert,  Purpure,  and 

Sanguine;  to  illustrate  Dr.  Winter's  interpretation 

of  a  passage  in  The  Staple  of  News^  II,  I.  no 

21.  A  shield  lozengy;  text  and  illustration   from   Legh, 

Folio  92  a,  to  illustrate  the  present  writer's 
objections  to  Dr.  Winter's  interpretation  just 
mentioned.  112 

22.  Azure,  a  sun;  reproduced  from  Legh,  Folio  58  b,  to 

illustrate  a  portion  of  the  arms  of  the  Lady 
Pecunia,  in  The  Staple  of  News,  IV,  I.  117 

23.  Arms  of  James  I;  reproduced  from   The  Mirrovr  of 

Maiestie,  1618,  to  illustrate  a  passage  in  Jonson's 
King  James's  Entertainment.  128 

24.  Arms  of  the  City  of  London;  to  illustrate  further  the 

passage  just  mentioned.     Drawn,  on  a  basis  of  i6th 

and  i  jth  century  sources,  by  A.  H.  N.  129 

25.  Feather  Badge   of  Charles  I,   as  Prince  of    Wales; 

reproduced  from  The  Mirrovr  of  Maiestie,  1618, 
to  illustrate  a  passage  in  Jonson's  Prince  Henry^s 
Barriers.  131 


PART  I.  _ 

THE  HERALDS  AND  HERALDRY  OF 

I'SDAY. 


1.  Madman.     I  have  skill  in  harroldry. 

2.  Madman.     Hast? 

i .  Madman.     You  do  give   for  your  creast  a 

woodcockes    head,    with  the  braines  pickt  out 
on't ;  you  are  a  very  ancient  gentleman. 

—Webster  :   The  Duchess  of  Malfi,  IV,2. 


PART   I.    THE    HERALDS    AND    HERALDRY 
OF  JONSON'S  DAY. 


CHAPTER  I. 
THE  SOURCES  FOR  OUR  STUDY. 

VIEW  of  the  vast  and  varied  technical  knowl- 
edge  displayed  by  Jonson  in  his  dramatic  works,  it 
is  not  surprising  to  find  that  he  possessed  a  detailed 
familiarity  with  the  science  of  Heraldry.  The 
wonder  is  rather  that,  although  the  casual  heraldic  allu- 
sions in  the  plays  of  Shakspere  have  been  made  the  sub- 
ject of  a  monograph,  x  no  one  has  written,  heretofore,  on 
the  far  more  numerous  and  technical  heraldic  passages  in 
the  plays  of  Jonson.  The  heraldry  of  Shakspere  has  far 
less  need  of  annotation.  "They  may  give,"  says  Slender, 
"the  dozen  white  luces  in  their  coat ;"  to  which  the  Welsh- 
man replies,  "The  dozen  white  louses  do  become  an  old 
coat  well."  *  But  Jonson's  heraldic  jests  are  buried 
beneath  a  mass  of  technical  terminology.  For  example  : 
"Gyrony  of  eight  pieces,  azure  and  gules ;  between  three 
plates,  a  chevron  engrailed  checquy,  or,  vert,  and  ermins  ; 
on  a  chief  argent,  between  two  ann'lets  sable,  a  boar's 
head  proper."  3 

That  much  excellent  satire  exists  even  in  such  pas- 
sages as  the  foregoing,  I  hope  presently  to  show.  Such 
is  at  least  one  of  my  purposes  in  the  notes  that  constitute 
"Part  II."  But  before  I  annotate  particular  passages,  it 
is  desirable  that  I  present,  as  "Part  I,"  a  clear  state- 

1  Heraldik  in  Dienslfn  der  Shakespeare*  Forschung.  Selbststudirn  von  Alfred 
von  Mauntz.  Berlin.  Mayer  &  Mutter.  1903.  *  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor, 
I,  I.  3  Eveiy  Man  Out  of  His  ffumoitr,  III,  I :  Works,  I,  loo. 


4  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

ment  of  so  much  of  the  science  of  Heraldry  as  actually 
appears  in  the  dramatic  works  of  Jonson.  This  state- 
ment, moreover,  should  be  based  not  on  the  theory  of 
heraldry  as  taught  by  modern  manuals,  nor  on  the  theory 
of  heraldry  as  it  was  practiced  in  its  prime,  but  on  heraldry 
as  it  was  popularly  known  and  practiced  in  Jonson 's  day, 
a  period  of  heraldic  decadence.  , 

Our  most  obvious  sources  for  such  a  study  are  the 
official  records  of  the  Heralds'  Office,  many  of  which  are 
now  accessible  in  p"rint.  For  our  present  purpose,  how- 
ever, these  records  are  not  our  only  sources,  nor  our  best. 
What  we  wish  to  study  is  not  chiefly  the  heraldry  of  the 
time  as  it  was  understood  by  the  officers  of  the  Heralds' 
College,  but  rather,  the  heraldry  of  the  time  as  it  was 
understood  by  Jonson  and  his  audience.  Whatever  went 
into  the  popular  manuals  of  heraldry  in  Jonson's  day, 
that  with  most  likelihood,  we  may  suppose  familiar  to 
the  play -going  public.  These  popular  manuals,  therefore, 
whether  written  by  heralds  or  by  laymen,  must  constitute 
our  most  important  source. 

Who  were  the  popular-  authorities'  on  heraldry  in 
Jonson's  day  ?  Jonson  himself  has  given  us  one  answer : 
"Sir,"  says  his  young  pursuivant,  Master  Piedmantle,  "I 
have  read  the  Elements  and  Accidence,  and  all  the  lead- 
ing books. "<  The  former  is  a  work  by  Jonson's  friend 
Edmond  Bolton ;  the  latter,  an  earlier  manual  by  Gerard 
Legh.  Camden,  in  his  Remains  concerning  Britain,  re- 
peats these  names  and  adds  two  more  ;  he  cordially  refers 
his  readers  "to  Edmond  Bolton,  who  learnedly  and  judi- 
cioufly  hath  difcovered  the  firft  Elements  of  Armory,  to 
Gerrard  Leigh,  John  Feme,  John  Guillim."  s  Gmllim, 
whose  Display  of  Heraldry,  1610,  is  the  ablest  treatise 
of  them  all,  gives  as  his  sources,  "Ger.  Leigh,  Bofwell, 

<    Staple  o/JVni's.  II,  I;  Works,  II,  292.     -  Camden:  Remains  concerning  Britain, 
1674  ;  Reprint  of  1870.  p.  248. 


f  The  Acctdens  tf Armory 

Legh,  Gerard,  /JO 

pggf  Od  faue  you  fir  Hcrefyuighte, 
Gerarde.  AndyoUaUb*  What 
arc  you  and  vyhereforc  come 
yc  nether?  L,  1  am  a  Calighutc 
1  knight,  and  vnderftandinge  yc 
are  an  Herchauoht,cometoler- 
k  ne  thole  thinges,  that  ycu  arc 
bound  to  teachc  me:  that  is,  to  blafc  Armcs,  with 
all rhc'tcrm'cs  thereto apperrayning,  vvithmyfer- 
uicetomy  Soueraign.G.  And  if  I  were  not  bound 
todoeitby  rnyne  othe,  yct-of  Curtcfy  I  will  te- 
ach e  you.  And  becaufe  yc  are  vvyllinge,!  wyll'thc 
fbonci  imlruc^yuu,  cucn  from  thebeginnynge, 
totheende.  T  ellinge  you  for  the  firft.pointc,  that 
theare  are  nyne  fondrye  fieldes,  ofthc  whyche, 
feuen  of  them  bee  termed  Colourcs,  and  two, 
Mcttalles.  L,  vvhyche  are  they?  G.  The  two  Mct- 
talles  are  Goulde  and  Siluer »  And  the  feuen  Co- 
lours, are  Redd,  lyghtBlewe,  Blacke,  Greene, 
Violet,  OrengeTawney,  and  Murrey  .-But  you 
amid  not  fo  ternic  them,  wherefore,  I  wil  fct  their; 
proprc  names  within  euery  of  their  Scotcheons. 
And  for  to  call  them  by  thefcnames,itwetcfhame 
amongft  the  Herehaughtes,andnotworthyethe 
name  of  blafonnc.  But  to  the  dfc&e.  Fitft  I  wyll 
begynnc  with  the  molt  precious  metal/,  Goulde^ 


FIGURE  I. 

SPECIMEN  PAGE  FROM  LEGH'S  ACCEDENS  OF  ARMORY. 
1576. 


6  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Feme,  Bara,  Chaffaneus."  6  A  generation  later,  Mat- 
thew Carter,  Esq.,  who  was  quarter-master  general  to 
King  Charles  in  the  campaign  of  Colchester,  1648,  still 
accounts  "Leigh,  Feme,  Guillim,  and  others"  to  be  "the 
beft  I  could  confult  in  this  ftudy."  7  And  finally,  the  1661 
edition  of  Peacham's  Compleat  Gentleman,  (I  have  not 
seen  the  original  edition,  1622),  refers  to  "Bara,  Upton, 
Gerrard  Leigh,  Matter  Fern,  Mailer  Guilliam  (late  Por- 
cullis  purfuivant)  in  his  Methodicall  Difplay  of  Heraldry, 
with  fundry  others"  8  In  these  five  lists  we  note:  first, 
that  Gerard  Legh's  Accedens  of  Armoty  is  mentioned  by 
all;  second,  that  the  work  of  Feme  is  named  by  all  save 
Jonson,  and  the  work  of  Guillim  by  all  save  Jonson  and 
himself ;  and,  third,  that  Bolton's  Elements  of  Armory, 
mentioned  by  Jonson,  is  especially  commended  by 
William  Camden,  Esq.,  Clarencieux.  If  we  consider, 
further,  that  Legh's  Accedens  passed  through  seven 
editions  from  its  first  appearance,  1562,  to  1612,9  and 
that  Guillim's  Display  of  Heraldry  was  published  at  least 
eight  times  from  1610  to  the  year  of  the  so-called  "sixth" 
edition,  1724, J0  we  shall  conclude  that,  for  our  discus- 
sion of  heraldry  as  it  was  popularly  known  and  practiced 
in  Jonson's  day,  our  chief  reliance  should  be  Gerard 
Legh,  (or  Leigh,  as  it  was  also  spelled),  our  next, 
Guillim,  and  after  that,  Feme,  Bolton,  and  the  "fondry 
others." 

On  a  basis  of  these  authorities,  I  purpose,  in  my  next 
five  chapters,  to  attempt  an  exposition  of  the  science  of 
heraldry  of  Jonson's  day.  First,  however,  I  beg  to  in- 
troduce my  friend,  the  garrulous  and  delightful  Gerard 

'Guillim:  Display  of  Heraldry ,  1610;  "Mr.  Guillim's  Preface  to  the  Reader," 
here  quoted  from  the  editions  of  1679  and  1724.  7  Carter :  Honor  Redivivus, 
i655 ;  P-  48.  8Peacham:  The  Compleat  Gentleman,  "Third  Impression," 
1661,  p.  178.  9  1562 ;  1568 ;  1572  ;  1576;  1591 ;  1597 ;  and  1612.  —Diet.  Nail.  Biog. 
10  1610 ;  1632 ;  1638 ;  1660 ;  1664  ;  1666 ;  the  "fifth"  edition,  1679 :  and  the  "sixth" 
edition,  1724.  —  D.  N.  B. 


Sources.  7 

Legh.  "  This  worthy  author  is  nothing  if  not  scholarly. 
He  declares  that  the  laws  of  heraldry  "were  before  the 
fiege  of  Troye,  as  appeareth  in  Deuteronomion"  "  He 
quotes  from  "an  aucthor  entituled  Gefta  Troianoru"  to 
show  how  the  order  of  knighthood  came  to  be  instituted 
by  Asteriall,  who  "came  of  the  lyne  of  that  worthy  gentil- 
man,  lapheth."  13  He  cites  "the  Genealogie  of  Mathewe 
&  Luke"  to  prove  "lefus  Chrift,  a  gentleman  of  great 
linnage."  I4  He  concludes  his  monograph  with  a  six- 
column  alphabetical  index ;  and  he  prefixes  a  brief  but 
soundly-selected  Bibliography : — 

"I  will  fhewe  fomany  as  I  haue  authorized  this  Pam- 
philet  by.  And  they  are  of  number  ix  as  folowen.  I. 
Nicholas  Vpton,  defcried  blafonne.  2.  Nicholas  Warde, 
wrote  of  the  whole  worke.  3.  Bartholus,  of  trickinge, 
and  differences  of  bretherne  and  kinffolke.  4.  Vlpianus 
wrote  of  the  whole.  5.  Buddeus,  of  the  begynninge  of 
the  la  we  of  armes.  6.  Alciatus,  the  booke  called  Pare- 
gon.  7.  Fraunces  of  Foea,  of  vnperfect  colours.  8.  Hon- 
orius,  of  the  order  of  battailes  and  combats.  9.  lohn  le 
Feroune,  of  the  blafonne  of  colours."  ** 

But  although  Legh  has  these  tricks  of  modem  scholar- 
ship, he  lacks  the  modern  power  of  organization.  Well 
does  he  call  it  his  "dyf ordered  booke."  l6  Perhaps  the  form 
he  has  chosen,  a  dialogue  between  an  old  herald  and 
a  pupil,  encourages  digressions.  The  question  whether 
women  may  bear  arms,  suggests  the  story  of  King  Lear 
and  his  three  daughters.  '?  The  herald's  assertion  that 
a  rebatement  in  an  escutcheon  is  as  much  shame  to  the 
bearer  thereof  as  it  is  to  a  woman  to  go  naked,  brings 
forth  from  the  doubting  pupil  the  story  of  Godwina.  l8 

11  The  Accedens  of  Armory.  ...  Imprynted  at  London  in  fiete  strrete  within 
temple  Barrc  at  the  signe  of  the  hand  &  starre,  by  Richard  Tottel,Anno.  1576. 
12  Legh,  Folio  21  b.  « Ibid.  Fol.  23  b.  «*  Ibid.  Fol.  13  b.  «  Ibid.  Preface, 
A.  ii.  b.  '6  Ibid.  Fol.  135  a.  "  Ibid.  Fol.  96  a  -  97  a.  18  Ibid.  Fol.  74  b. 


8  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Announcing  his  purpose  to  show  "the  fignes  that  are 
borne,"  the  old  herald  begins  with  the  first  of  the  nine 
"Honorable  Ordinaries,"  the  cross.  ^  But  alas,  when 
he  has  enumerated  and  described  only  forty-nine  of  the 
"diners  &  fodry  forts  of  Crofles,"  a  process  that  has  occu- 
pied but  twenty-four  pages,  his  ungrateful  pupil  begs  : 
"I  pray  you  leaue  of,  &  fhewe  me  forrie  other  leflbn.  For 
you  vfe  me  like  a  dull  fcholler,  to  keepe  me  at  the  Chrifte 
croffe  rowe,  a  whole  weeke  together."  20  And  this  pro- 
test so  disturbs  the  thread  of  his  discourse,  that  the 
herald  does  not  get  back  to  his  "Honorable  Ordinaries" 
for  forty -four  pages  more. 

In  presenting,  therefore,  the  substance  of  Legh's 
Accedens  of  Armory,  I  shall  make  no  attempt  to  follow 
the  exact  order — or  rather,  "dyforder" — of  my  authority. 
Instead,  I  shall  regroup  its  contents,  so  far  as  maybe,  in 
the  order  in  which  I  purpose  to  treat  the  same  material 
in  my  own  chapters.  Legh's  subject-matter,  in  brief,  I 
shall  outline  under  four  heads  :  (i)  The  Shield,  its  tinct- 
ures, forms,  points,  and  partitions.  (2)  The  Charges  that 
may  be  borne  upon  it.  (3)  Complete  Achievements,  each 
consisting  of  a  shield  and  its  accessories.  (4)  The  Heralds, 
and  other  topics  of  discussion. 

Under  the  first  head,  I  place  Legh's  description  of 
the  several  forms  of  the  heraldic  shield,  of  which  "there 
are  nine  fundrye  fafhions,  and  al  auncient ;"  2I  the  nine 
points  of  the  shield,  namely,  the  dexter  point,  the  chief 
point,  the  sinister  point,  the  honor  point,  the  fesse  point, 
the  nombril,  the  dexter  base  point,  the  base  point,  and 
the  sinister  base  point ;  "  and  the  nine  partitions  called 
per  pale,  quarterly,  per  fesse,  per  bend,  (Legh  misprints 
"fefle"),  per  bend  sinister,  per  chevron,  per  saltier,  per  pile 
in  point,  and  per  geronne.  2*  More  elaborate  is  Legh's 

'«  Ibid.  Fol.  27  b.      "°  Ibid.  Fol.  39  b.      "  Ibid.  Fol.  16  a  -  21  a.      «  Ibid.  Fol. 
24  a  -  25  a.      M  Ibid.  Fol.  25  a  -  27  b. 


Sources.  g 

discussion  of  the  metals,  colours,  and  furs,  three  classes 
which  Legh's  immediate  successors  grouped  together 
under  the  common  name  of  "tinctures."  The  metals  and 
colours,  Legh  speaks  of  as  the  "nyne  fondrye  fieldes."  2* 
Here  he  enumerates  as  metals,  or  and  argent,  and  as 
colours,  geules,  azure,  sable,  vert,  purpure,  tenne,  and 
sanguine.  To  each  of  these,  Legh  devotes  from  two  to 
four  pages.  He  specifies  its  qualities  and  its  commen- 
dations ;  he  names  the  corresponding  planet,  and  the  cor- 
responding precious  stone,  each  with  further  qualities 
and  commendations ;  and  he  concludes  with  a  table  show- 
ing the  significance  of  each  field,  first  by  itself,  and  then 
compounded  with  each  of  the  other  eight.  Between  the 
metals  and  colours  and  the  furs,  Legh  sees  no  connec- 
tion, and  he  reserves  the  furs  for  later  consideration  ;  2* 
but  as  both  Feme  and  Guillim  group  the  furs  with  the  met- 
als and  colours,  according  to  modern  usage,26 1  shall  so  place 
them  here.  According  to  Legh,  "There  ar[e]  nine  fun- 
dry  furres,  which  in  fcocheons  are  called  by  ix  proper 
names,  and  in  mantels  they  are  called  doublings."  2? 
These  nine  are :  ermyne,  argent,  ermines,  erminites, 
ermynois,  pean,  verrey,  verry,  and  vaire.  Of  all  these 
heraldic  terms,  I  shall  presently  define  so  many  as  are 
essential  to  an  understanding  of  the  plays  of  Jonson.  In 
this  chapter,  my  purpose  is  merely  to  show  the  content 
of  Legh's  book. 

Under  my  second  head,  the  Charges  that  may  be  borne 
upon  the  shield,  falls  perhaps  the  largest  division  of 
Legh's  matter.  Here  are  the  crosses,  forty-nine  of  them, 
as  aforesaid.  28  Here  are  the  other  eight  of  the  nine 
"Honorable  Ordinaries,"  namely  the  chief,  the  pale,  the 
bend  and  bend  sinister,  the  fesse,  the  scocheon,  the  chev- 
ron, the  salterye,  and  the  barre,  most  of  which  have  their 

2*  Ibid.  Fol.  i  a  -  12  b.  «  Ibid.  Fol.  7;  a  -  78  a.     *&  Feme,  p.  i6v,  Guillim,  1679, 
p.  35,  and  1724,  p.  7  and  p.  21.    -7  Legh,  Fol.  75  a.    28  Ibid.  Fol.  27  b  -  39  b. 


IO  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

diminutives.  *?  Here  are  the  "Ordinaries  Generall,"  nine 
in  number:  the  geronne,  the  urle  (orle),  the  pyle,  the 
quarter,  the  quarter  sinister,  the  canton,  the  canton  sinis- 
ter, flasques,  and  voyders.  3°  Here  are  the  lions  :  rampant, 
saliaunt,  seiaunte,  couchaunte,  dormant,  combatant,  en- 
dorsed, passant,  passant  gardant,  passant  regardant,  and 
manv  more.  3'  Here  are  other  beasts,  and  birds :  hart,  uni- 
corn, bull,  boar,  ram,  horse,  goat,  grey-hound,  talbot,  ass, 
wolf,  dolphin,  serpent,  eagle,  cock,  swan,  raven,  griffin, 
cockatrice ;  and  of'all  these,  Legh  has  most  astonishing 
things  to  tell,  for  which,  with  scholarly  accuracy,  he  cites 
Auicene,  Plynie,  Ifidore,  the  Hebrew  Rabbines,  and  Phif- 
eoiogus.  '2  Here,  also,  are  the  heavenly  bodies,  the  sun, 
the  crescent,  the  increscent,  the  decrescent,  and  the 
star ;  "  twenty-two  miscellaneous  charges ;  *»  and  the  nine 
roundels,  "  the  nine  rebatings,  '6  the  nine  differences  of 
brethren,  3'  and  the  nine  bordures.  3»  And  finally  in 
this  group  I  place  Legh's  "nine  fundry  mefles ;"  39  his 
nine  worthy  particions  ;  *°  his  nine  honorable  ordinaries 
charged ; 4I  his  nine  coats  commixed  with  two  of  the  honor- 
able ordinaries;  «*  his  nine  coats  unclassified ; «  his  nine  sun- 
dry things  borne  in  triangle ;  ««  and  his  nine  difficult  coats 
to  blaze.  «  These  last  seven  classes  seem  to  serve  chiefly 
as  additional  exercises  for  the  pupil  of  blazonry. 

As  my  third  head,  I  group  the  four  complete  Achieve- 
ments of  Arms  in  which  heraldic  escutcheons  are  mar- 
shalled with  their  accessories.  One  of  these  is  the 
achievement  of  a  duke ;  another,  that  of  a  baron ;  the 
third,  that  of  a  knight ;  and  the  last,  that  of  an  esquire. 
Each  is  illustrated  with  a  full-page  cut,  «6  and  each  is 
carefully  blazoned.  They  shew  the  disposition  of  the 

29  Ibid.  FoL6ib-68a.  *>  IbiA  Fol.  68  a  -  70  b.  *  44  a  -50  a.  *5ib-57b; 
andjgb-6ib.  as  58 -b 59 a.  *«  gSb-ioib.  «86b-88b.  *7cb-74b. 
»io6b-iiob.  38I10b-mb.  *>  78  a -80  a.  <°  80  a  -83  a.  **83a-86b. 
«*  90  a  -  92  a.  «  92  a  -  93  b.  "  93  b  -  96  a.  •«  105  a  -  106  b.  *>  Two  of 
these  cuts  I  reproduce  in  Chapter  V,  and  a  third  as  a  frontispiece. 


Sources.  1 1 

crest,  wreath,  helmet,  mantlings,  supporters,  scroll,  word, 
and  badges,  around  the  escutcheon  ;  and  they  illustrate 
the  marks  distinguishing  the  several  ranks.  Their  value 
for  this  purpose  is  lessened  by  the  fact  that  Legh  does 
not  group  the  four  achievements  together,  but  scatters 
them  as  diversions  along  the  way,  ^  because  he  "will 
not  tyer  you  with  too  much  of  one  thing  together."  *8 

Fourth,  and  last,  I  come  to  Legh's  discussion  of  the 
heralds,  and  of  various  minor  topics.  Early  in  the  book, 
he  digresses  to  explain  to  whom  arms  were  first  given, 
and  what  are  the  nine  kinds  of  gentlemen.  ^  Presently 
the  question  arises,  "When  beganne  armes  ?  and  whether 
at  the  fiege  of  Troye,  or  not  ?"  and  this  he  discusses  to 
the  extent  of  six  pages.  5°  Another  topic  is  Whether 
women  may  bear  arms,  and  how  ;  s*  and  another,  Where- 
fore he  has  so  often  used  the  number  nine.  &  More 
important  is  his  discussion  of  the  officers  of  arms,  their 
degrees,  duties,  and  creation.  53  Toward  the  end  of  the 
book,  Legh  indulges  in  some  highly  idealistic  nonsense 
concerning  the  granting  of  arms  and  the  appropriateness 
of  the  arms  conferred,  *«  and  illustrates  the  form  for  a 
pedigree  by  giving,  first  ascending  and  then  descending, 
the  pedigree  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  ss  The  remainder  of 
the  book,  except  for  a  rambling  conclusion,  $6  is  devoted 
to  a  fanciful  description  of  what  the  old  herald  of  Legh's 
dialogue  saw  at  the  court  of  "Pallaphilos,  the  highe  con- 
ftable  of  the  Goddeffe  [Pallas],  .  .  .  marfhall  of  thinner 
Temple."  57 

Such  is  the  content  of  Gerard  Legh's  Accedens  of 
Armory,  one  of  the  chief  sources,  apparently,  from  which 
the  auditor s  of  Jonson's  plays  would  draw  their  knowledge 

v  Legh,  Fol.  42  b  -  44  a ;  50  a  -  51  b ;  58  a-b ;  and  8S  b  -  89  b.     *<>  Ibid.  Fol.  58  b. 
*9i2b-i6a.    5°2ia-24a.    5Ig6a-98a.    *2  irjb-i^a.    S339b-42b. 
5*  114  b  -  117  a.    "ii/a-iiSa.   S6i3ib-i35b.    "  1183-131  a. 


12  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

of  the  science  of  Heraldry.  In  some  respects,  the  book 
is  woefully  inadequate.  Of  marshalling,  for  example,  to 
which  we  shall  devote  an  entire  chapter,  the  Accedens 
says  almost  nothing.  &  Its  definitions,  too,  are  obscure 
or  non-existent,  as  if  Legh  relied  chiefly  on  his  cuts  to 
make  his  meaning  clear.  For  definite  statements,  we 
shall  have  often  to  refer  from  Legh  to  less  noted  writers 
who  came  after  him.  But  for  the  spirit  of  the  heraldry  of 
Jonson's  day,  its  mystery,  its  sham,  its  learned  ignorance, 
we  need  seek  no  more  representative  work  than  Legh's 
Accedens  of  Armory. 

The  heraldry  of  Jonson's  day,  so  far  as  it  will  aid  our 
knowledge  and  enjoyment  of  the  plays  of  Jonson,  I  now 
purpose  to  present.  The  sources  of  my  material,  I  have 
indicated  in  the  present  chapter ;  in  the  five  chapters  that 
follow,  I  shall  offer  the  material  itself.  In  these  five 
chapters,  my  order  of  presentation  will  be  as  follows  : — 

Chapter  II.     The  Shield  :  its  tinctures,  forms,  points, 
and  partitions. 

Chapter  III.     The  Charges  that  may  be  borne  upon  it. 

Chapter  IV.     The  Marshalling  of  several  coats  within 
one  shield. 

Chapter  V.     The    Accessories,    and    the    Complete 
Achievement. 

Chapter  VI.    The  Heralds'  College,  or  College  of  Arms. 

*8  Marshalling  is  mentionedincidentallyunder  "Per  pale"  and  "Quarterly,"  Fol. 
25  a  -  26  a. 


CHAPTER  II. 

THE     SHIELD:     ITS     TINCTURES,     FORMS, 
POINTS,  AND  PARTITIONS. 


INSIGNIA   that  form   the  chief  subject- 
matter  of  the  science  of  Heraldry,  are  variously 
denominated   "arms,"   "coats,"  and   "coats   of 
arms."    Thus,  for  example,  in  Jonson's  Catiline, 
the  aristocratic  Sempronia  refers  to  Cicero  as, 

...  a  mere  upstart, 

That  has  no  pedigree,  no  house,  no  coat, 
No  ensigns  of  a  family  ;  ' 

And  Mosca,  in  Volpone,  speaks  of 

A  piece  of  plate,  sir,  .  .  .  huge, 

Massy,  and  antique,  with  your  name  inscribed 

And  arms  engraved.  2 

A  person  entitled  to  a  coat  of  arms  is  said  to  bear 
that  coat  :  — 

She  bears,  an't  please  you,  argent,  three  leeks  vert, 
In  Canton  or,  tasselled  of  the  first.  3 

And  the  verb  give  is  used  with  a  similar  meaning  :  — 
Does  not  Caesar  give  the  eagle  ?  * 

The   central  and   essential  part  of  a  complete  coat 
of  arms  is  the  shield,  scutcheon,  or  escutcheon.     When 

thought  of  as  the  ground  upon  which  heraldic 
The  Field.     .      .  &  .  ,  &., 

insignia  are  placed,  the  escutcheon  is  denom- 

inated  the  field.     "The   Field,"   says   Guillim,    "is  the 
whole  Surface  (if  I  may  fo  call  it)  of  the  Shield,  over- 

iCatiline,  II,  I  ;  Works,  II,  92.    2  I'olpone,  I,  I  ;  Wks,  I,  342.    3  staple  of  News,  IV, 
I  ;    Wks,  II,  322.    •*  Poetaster,  V,  I  ;  Wks,  1,  253. 


14  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

fpread  with  fome  Metal,  Colour,  or  Furr,  and  compre- 
hendeth  in  it  the  Charge,  if  it  hath  any."  s  Jonson 
makes  frequent  use  of  this  term:  — 

.  .  .  He  bears 
In  afield  azure,  a  sun  proper.  .  .  .  6 

James  Shirley,  Jonson's  avowed  (disciple,  plays  upon 
this  word  "field"  and  also  upon  the  word  "coats,"  which 
in  his  day  was  applied  also  to  the  so-called  coat-cards, 
king,  queen,  and  knave  : — 

Bostock.     Name  but  one  [of  my  rivals] , 
And  if  he  cannot  show  as  many  coats — 

Ti avers.     He  thinks  he  has  good  cards  for  her  and  likes 
His  game  well. 

Bostock.     Be  an  understanding  knight, 
And  take  my  meaning ;  if  he  show 
As  much  in  heraldry — 

Trovers.     I  do  not  know  how  rich  he  is  in  fields, 
But  he  is  a  gentleman.  7 

For  a  discussion  of  the  Field,  or,  indeed,  of  any  part 

of  a  coat  of  arms,  some  knowledge  of  the  Tinctures  is  a 

pre-requisite.     The    term     Tincture,  ac- 

The  Tinctures.  ,.  ,  .  , 

cording  to  modern  usage,  is  a  general 
name  to  cover  the  heraldic  metals,  colours,  and  furs. 
Legh  has  no  such  generic  term,  nor  has  he  any  conscious- 
ness of  the  common  nature  of  the  three  classes.  Feme 
realizes  their  kinship,  but  lacks  the  generic  name.  "The 
Armories  which  are  called  vera"  he  says,  "bee  compofed 
either  of  mettell  and  colour,  or  els  of  furres."  8  Bolton 
uses  the  word  tincture  for  both  metals  and  colours,  9  but 
he  keeps  the  furs  apart ;  and  when  his  Sir  Eustace  asks, 
"Are  furres  neither  metal  nor  colour?"  Sir  Amias 
replies,  "It  is  faid  of  the  Planet  Mercuric,  that  he  is 
affected  as  the  celeftial  bodies  with  whom  hee  is  ;  good 
with  the  good,  and  bad  with  the  bad  :  So  (  by  a  kinde  of 

s  Guillim,  1679,  p.  36-7 ;  1724,  p.  26.    6   5.  of  N.,  IV,  I ;  Wks,  II,  321.      ?  Shirley  : 
The  Ball,  I,  I.    8  Feme,  163.    9  Bolton,  83. 


The  Shield:  its  Tinctures,  &c.  15 

Antithefis)  the  furres  in  Armes  are  as  metall  with  colour, 
and  of  the  nature  of  colour  when  the  reft  is  metall."  I0 
Guillim,  however,  whose  first  edition  appeared  in  the  same 
year  with  Bolton's  Elements,  1610,  has  grasped  the  new 
concept :  "Thofe  Efcocheons  are  faid  to  be  of  one  Tinc- 
ture," he  says,  "that  have  only  fome  one  Metal,  Colour, 
or  Furr,  appearing  in  the  Shield  ;"  "  and  elsewhere,  he 
defines  Tincture  as  the  "Hue  of  Arms."  " 

The  three  classes  of  Tinctures  are  the  Metals,  the 
Colours,  and  the  Furs.     Of  the  first  two  classes,  Legh 

(1)  The  Metals.     savs  :  "Theare  are  nyne  fondry  fieldes, 

of  the  whyche,  feuen  of  them  bee  termed 

(2)  The  Colours.    Coloures,  and  two  Mettalles.     .  .  .    The 
two  Mettalles  are  Goulde  and  Siluer.     And  the  feuen 
Colours,  are  Redd,  lyght  Blewe,  Blacke,  Greene,  Violet, 
Orenge  Tawney,  and  Murrey.     But  you  muft  not  f o  terme 
them,     .  .  .     for  to  call  them  by  thefe  names,  it  were 
fhame  amongft  the  Herehaughtes,  and  not  worthye  the 
name  of  blafonne."  ^    The  heraldic  names  for  these  nine 
tinctures  are  :  Gold,  or;  silver,  argent;    red,  gules;  blue, 
azure;  black  sable;  green,  vert;  violet  or  purple,  piirpure; 
orange  tawny,  tenne;  and  murrey,  sanguine. 

The  names  of  the  nine  furs  recognized  by  Legh,  I 

quoted  in  Chapter  I,  when  stating  the  content  of  his 

Accedens.     For  our  study  of  Jonson,  only 

(3)  The  Furs.    ,  ,  ,,  , ,      J,    ~        ,     ..-  ,, 

two  of  these  nine  need  be  defined.  "Ermyn, 
says  Guillim,  "is  a  Furr  confifting  of  White  diftinguifhed 
with  black  Spots  ;"  '-*  or,  in  the  words  of  Legh,  "Argent 
powdered  with  Sable."  's  "Ermines,"  according  to  the 
same  authors,  "is  Black  powdered  with  White,"  l6  or 
"Sable  poudred  with  Argent."  '?  Jonson  uses  the  latter 
fur  in  the  arms  of  Sogliardo,  "A  chevron  engrailed  chec- 
quy,  or,  vert,  and  ermins."  l8 

10 Ibid,  171.  "  Guillim,  1679,  p.  35  ;  1724,  P-  21.  I2  Guillim,  1679,  p.  7.  '3  Legh, 
Fol.  i  a.  >•«  Guillim,  1679,  p.  14 ;  1724,  p.  13.  's  Legh,  Fol.  75  a.  I6  Guil- 
lim, 1673,  p.  15  ;  1724,  p.  15.  '•  Legh,  Fol.  75  b.  18  E.M.O.,  III.  I:  Wks. 
1, 100. 


1 6  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

The  description  of  a  coat  of  arms,  phrased  in  heraldic 
language,  is  called  the  blazon.  "Blazon,"  says  Bolton, 
"is  the  defcription  of  Armes,  and  their  appurte- 
Biazon.  nanceSj  by  the  receiued  termes,  or  other  apt  ex- 
prelTion  of  things  by  words."  '9  "To  blaze,  then,"  he 
continues,  "is  in  Armory  the  fame,  which  in  other  facul- 
ties is  to  defcribe,  and  blazon  and  defcription  are  vniuo- 
call."  20  The  editor  of  the  1724  edition  of  Guillim  thus 
defines  the  word  :  "Blazon  properly  fignifies  the  Winding 
of  an  Horn ;  but  tb  blazon  a  Coat,  is  to  defcribe  the  Things 
borne  in  their  proper  Tinctures  and  Geftures."  2I  Guil- 
lim himself  explains  the  process  thus  :  "In  the  Blazoning 
of  any  Coat,  you  muft  evermore  obferve  this  fpecial  Rule. 
Firft  to  begin  with  the  Field,  and  then  proceed  to  the 
Blazon  of  the  Charge,  if  any  be.  Moreover,  if  the  Field 
be  occupied  with  fundry  Things,  whether  the  fame  be  of 
one  or  diverfe  Kinds,  you  muft  firft  nominate  that  which 
lieth  next  and  immediately  upon  the  Field,  and  then 
Blazon  that  which  is  more  remote  from  the  fame."  " 
Farther  on,  he  adds  :  "In  Blazoning  of  any  Arms,  you 
muft  .  .  .  firft  expref s  the  Metal,  Colour,  or  Furr  of  the 
Field,  faying  'He  beareth  Or,  Argent,  Gides,  &c'  ;  or 
thus,  'The  Field  is  Or,  Argent,  Gules,  &c.'  ...  The 
firft  Metal,  Colour,  or  Furr  that  you  begin  to  Blazon 
withal,  is  always  underftood  among  our  Englifli  Blazoners 
to  be  the  Field."  ^  Of  the  noun  "blazon"  and  the  verbs 
"to  blazon"  and  "to  blaze,"  Jonson  makes  frequent  use, 
for  example,  in  The  Staple  of  News,  IV,  I,  2*  and  in 
Every  Man  Out  of  His  Humour,  III,  I.  *= 

'9  Bolton. 63.  20  Ibid.  64.  2I  Guillim.  1724,  p.  i  ;  marked  as  an  insertion  in  that 
edition.  22  Guillim,  1679,  p.  9 ;  1724,  p.  2.  -3  Guiliim,  1679.  p.  37  ;  1724,  p. 
26.  2<  S.  of.\..  IV.  I;  Wks.  II.  321-2.  25  E.  M.  O.,  Ill,  I  ;  Wks,  1, 100. 


The  Shield:  its  Tinctures,  &c. 


The  Blazon  of 
Tinctures. 


One  method  of  blazoning  the  Tinctures,  I  have 
already  indicated,  when  I  specified  or,  argent,  gules,  and 
the  others  as  the  heraldic  names  for  gold, 
silver,  red,  and  so  forth.  In  Jonson's  day, 
however,  several  other  methods  were  rec- 
ognized in  England.  Guillim  applies  "to  each  particular 
ftate  of  Gentry,  a  blazon  Correfpondent.  As  for  example, 
to  Gentlemen  having  no  title  of  dignity,  blazon  by  Metals 
and  Colours ;  to  perfons  ennobled  by  the  Soveraign,  by 
precious  Stones  ;  and  to  Emperours,  Monarchs,  Kings 
and  Princes,  blazon  by  Planets."  26  Guillim's  three  meth- 
ods had  been  recognized  before  by  Legh,  27  Feme,  **  and, 
I  doubt  not,  others.  The  several  equivalents  I  tabulate 
as  follows  : — 


Gold  or  Yellow 

Silver  or  White 

Red 

Blue 

Black 

Green 

Violet  or  Purple 

Orange  tawny 

Murrey 


The  Sun. 

The  Moon. 

Mars. 

Jupiter. 

Saturn. 

Venus. 
Amethyst   Mercury. 
Jacinth        Dragon's  Head. 
Sardonix     Dragon's  Tail. 


Topaz 

Pearl 

Ruby 

Sapphire 

Diamond 

Emerald 


Or 

Argent 

Gules 

Azure 

Sable 

Vert 

Purpure 

Tenne 

Sanguine 

This  table  I  have  drawn  up  from  Legh,  but  it  differs  in  no 
essential  from  the  table  given  by  Guillim.  2?  Feme 
gives  "f ourteene f euerall  maners  of  Blazon;"3°and  Peacham 
quotes  from  Feme.  **  Matthew  Carter,  however,  in  his 
Honor  Rediviuus,  1655,  dismisses  even  the  three-fold 
method  with  contempt.  "This,"  he  says,  "is  only  a  fan- 
taftick  humor  of  our  Nation,  and  for  my  part  I  fhall  avoid 
it  as  ridiculous,  being  no  where  in  the  world  ufed  but 
here  ;  and  not  here  by  any  judicious  Herald."  '2  For 

26  Guillim,  1679,  p.  9  -,  1724,  p.  3.  *">  Legh,  Fol.  i  a  - 12  b.  2S  Feme,  167.  »9  Guil- 
lim, 1679,  p.  95  ;  1724,  p.m.  30  Feme,  167.  31  Peacham,  1634,  p.  153  b-c; 
1661,  p.  168-9-  *  Carter,  8. 


1 8  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

our  purpose  as  students  of  Ben  Jonson's  plays,  we  need 
remember  only  the  terms  that  occupy  the  second  column, 
Or,  Argent,  Gules,  and  so  forth.  I  have  included  the 
other  systems,  however,  because  the  heraldic  equivalence 
of  £•<?/</ and  or  and  the  sun  is  the  basis  of  Jonson's  alle- 
gory in  the  arms  of  the  Lady  Pecunia,  "  and  because  Mr. 
Fleay,  by  blazoning  with  planets,  has  transformed  the 
arms  of  Crispinus  in  The  Poetaster  from  "a  bloody  toe" 
to  "a  toe  Mars,"  and  thence  to  the  name  of  the  poet 
Marston. 34 

Besides  the  names  of  the  Tinctures,  two  rules  for 

the  blazon  of  Tinctures  should  be  remembered.     First, 

P   no  tincture  should  be  mentioned  a  second  time 

Blazon  of  . 

by  name.  If  any  tincture  recurs,  in  course  of 
Tinctures  a  b}azoll)  jt  should  be  indicated  by  number. 
Continued.  \^e  should  not  say,  "He  beareth  Argent, 
on  a  cross  Vert  five  doves  Argent,"  but  rather,  in  the 
words  of  Legh,  "Hee  beareth  Argent  on  a  croffe  verte  v. 
doues  of  the  firfte."  35. 

Secondly,  an  object  in  its  natural  tincture  should  be 
blazoned  as  "Proper."  "In  blazoning  things  born  [e]  in 
their  natural  colour  ...  ",  says  Guillim,  "it  sufficeth 
to  say,  He  beareth  this  . .  .  Proper,  without  naming  of 
any  colour  ;  for  by  Proper  is  evermore  underftood  his 
natural  colours  ;  and  for  the  Sun  and  Stars,  when  they  be 
of  the  colour  of  the  metal  Or,  which  is  their  natural  colour, 
it  sufficeth  to  say,  a  Sun,  or  Star,  without  adding  the  word 
Proper,  or  Or."  *6  Of  this  rule,  and  especially  of  its  final 
clause,  I  shall  have  more  to  say  in  Part  II,  in  my  notes  on 
the  Staple  of  News,  IV,  I. 

»  S.  o/A\,  IV,  I ;  Wks,  U,  321.  ^  "Marston  as  well  as  Crispinus  is  here  indi- 
cated. Mars  is  red  or  bloody  (compare  Mars  ochre)  and  toen  is  toes :  to- 
gether forming  Marston."— F.  G.  Fleay,  Shakespeare  Manual,  1878,  p.  312. 
See  further,  my  discussion  of  Poetaster,  II,  I,  Wks,  I,  218,  in  Part  n  of  this 
monograph.  K  Legh,  Fol.  83  b.  *  Guillim,  1679,  p.  117  ;  see  also,  1679,  p. 
10,  and  1724,  p.  8. 


The  Shield:  its  Tinctures,  &c.  19 

Blazon,  the  description  of  arms  by  words,  was  not 
the  only  method  of  recording  them  in  Jonson's  day.  The 
heralds  in  Every  Man  Out  of  His  Humour  aided 
Sogliardo's  memory  with  a  tricking &l  hiscoat.s? 
To  trick  a  coat  of  arms  is  to  make  an  outline  drawing  of 
the  arms  with  pen  and  ink,  indicating  the  tinctures  by 
written  words  or  abbreviations.  Legh,  Feme,  and  Bolton, 
all  indicate  their  tinctures  thus.  Other  heraldic  writers 
of  the  time  leave  then-  drawings  unlettered,  as  if  for  hand 
illumination.  In  no  instance  have  -I  found,  in  the  illus- 
trations of  this  period,  the  modern  method  of  indicating 
tinctures  by  a  system  of  dots  and  lines.  Mr.  Planch6,  in 
his  Pursuivant  of  Arms,  states  that  the  earliest  instance 
of  the  application  of  the  modern  method  in  England  "is 
said"  to  have  been  the  engraving  of  the  death-warrant  of 
Charles  I.  3*  If,  as  seems  probable,  the  modern  method 
of  indicating  tinctures  was  unknown  to  Jonson,  then  Dr. 
Winter's  interpretation  of  the  word  "sanguine,"  Staple  of 
News,  II,  II,  41,  is  ill  founded.  39 

The  original  method  of  tricking,  Legh  thus  describes : 

"The  way  to  vnderftande 
"Trickyng. 

"The  olde  order  in  Tricking  of  all  manner  of  Armes  is  to 
vfe  one  letter  for  one  worde.  It  is  neceffarie  for  heroi- 
call  Artificers.  As  by  enfample.  The  Queenes  maieftie 
of  England  beareth  quarterly  Fraunce  and  Englande. 
The  firfte,  B.  Flowers  de  Leus  O.  The  fecond,  G.  iii. 
Lyons  paffauntes  O.  The  thyrde  as  the  feconde,  the 
fowerth  as  the  firfte. 

a?  E.  M.  O.,  HI,  I.  Wits,  I,  ioo.  s»  Planch*,  3940.  39  In  my  own  note  on  this 
passage,  (S.o/W.,  n, I;  Wks.  II,  202;  Winter's  edition,  n,  n,  41),  I 
shall  discuss  this  matter  further. 


2O  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

"O.  Or.  Yelow. 

"A.  Argent.  whyghte. 

"G.  Geules.  betweene  Red  and  Tenne. 

"B.  Azure.  bright  Blewe. 

"V.  Vert.  Greene. 

"P.  Purpure.  Purple. 

"E.  Ermyne.  white  poudred  with  Blacke. 

"Es.  Ermynes,  Blacke  poudred  white. 

"T.  Tenne.  Orynge  coloure. 

"M.  Sangwine.-  Murreye. 

"Pr.  Proper  coloure.  Naturall. 

"BB.  Blewe.  Sad  Blewe.  "  <° 

The  tricking  of  the  arms  of  Sogliardo  is,  I  believe, 
the  only  instance  of  tricking  mentioned  in  Jonson's  plays, 
unless  we  assume  that  it  was  a  tricking  that  Crispinus, 
in  The  Poetaster,  bore  about  him.  4I  This  play,  how- 
ever, contains  an  excellent  example  of  the  figurative  use 
of  the  two  terms,  to  blazon  and  to  trick: — 

"They  [the  actors]  forget  they  are  in  the  statute,  the  rascals  ; 
they  are  blazoned  there  ;  there  they  are  tricked,  they  and 
their  pedigrees  ;  they  need  no  other  heralds,  I  wiss."  •** 

Concerning  the  composition  of  tinctures,  the  heraldic 

rule  is  this  :  A  coat  of  arms  must  be  so  designed  that 

colour  shall  not  rest  on  colour,  nor  metal  upon 

Composition  .        ,        .  ,        ..   ,,  ..  _  •* 

metal;    for  it   is  "not  lawfull,     says  Legh, 

of  Tinctures.     _       ,  .  .          ,,        J,         * 

"to  beare  colour  vpon  colour.  ^  In  Cyn- 
thia s  Revels,  Jonson  bases  a  jest  upon  this  rule ;  *»  and 
in  The  Staple  of  News,  he  heightens  the  satire  of  one  of 
his  allegorical  coats  by  twice  violating  the  requirement : 

She  bears,  an't  please  you,   argent,   three   leeks  vert, 
In  canton  or,  tasselled  of  the  first.  4S 

*°  Legh,  last  page,  (unnumbered).    «'  Poetaster,  H,  I;  Wks,  I,  218.     **  Poetaster, 
I,  I ;  Wks,  I,  212.   •«  Legh,  Fol.  32  a.  **  Cynthia^  Revels,  II,  I ;  Wks,  I,  162. 


The  Shield:  its  Tinctures,  &c. 


21 


From  the  Tinctures  of  the  escutcheon,  we  pass  now 

to  its  forms,  its  points,  and  its  partitions.  "What  forme," 

asks  Bolton,  "hath  the  fhield?    ...    It  hath 

The  Forms  of  ~  ,-,  .  ,      ,       , 

as  many  as  Caruers  or  Painters  pleafe,  but 
the  shield.  ^g  trianguiar  js  become  moft  vfuall."  <6 
If,  however,  the  bearer  of  the  arms  be  a  woman,  then  the 
coat  must  appear  not  on  a  shield  but  on  a  lozenge. 


FIGURE  2. 

ARMS  OF  ANNE,  PRINCESS  OF  DENMARK,  QUEEN   OF  JAMES  I. 
REPRODUCED  FROM  THE  MIRROVR  OF  MAIESTIE,  1618. 

"At  a  chapter  of  the  Heralds  held  at  Broiderer's  hall 
in  London,  in  the  fowerth  year  of  Q.  Eliz.  it  was  agreed 
as  followeth  : 


«  S.  o/A'.,  IV,  I;  Wks,  II,  322.    *6  Bolton,  64-65. 


22 


Heralds  &  Heraldry. 


"  That  noe  inheritreffe,  maid,  wife,  nor  widow,  fhall 
beare  or  caufe  to  be  borne  any  creft  or  cognizances  of  her 
aunceftor  but  as  followeth.  If  fhe  be  unmarried,  to  beare, 
in  her  ringe,  cognizances,  or  otherwife,  the  firft  coate  of 
her  aunceftors  in  a  lozenge  ;  and  during  her  widowhood 
to  ufe  the  firft  coat  of  her  hufband  impaled  with  the  firft 
coat  of  her  aunceftor,  and  if  fhe  be  married  with  any  that 
is  no  gentleman,  then  foe  to  be  exempted  from  this  con- 
clufion.'  "  47 

Thus,  in  a  lozenge,  I  have  seen  the  arms  of  the  Queen 
of  James  I,  in  an  emblem-book  entitled  The  Mirrour  of 


FIGURED 
THE  NINE  POINTS  OF  THE  SHIELD. 

REDRAWN  FROM  GUILLIM'S  DISPLAY  OF  HERALDRY, 
1679,  p.  29 ;  1724.  p,  6. 

Maiestie,  1618  ;  and  thus,  I  trust,  young  Piedmantle,  the 
pursuivant  in  the  Staple  of  News,  marshalled  the  arms  of 
her  Grace,  Aurelia  Clara  Pecunia,  the  Infanta.  *8 

*7  MSS.  Ashmole:  737,  quoted  by  Dallaway,  p.  388.  *8  For  further  discussion  of 
women's  arms  borne  in  a  lozenge,  see  Legh,  Fol.  97  b  ;  Peacham,  1634,  p. 
185,  and  1661,  p.  222;  and  Guillim,  1679,  p.  306-7,  and  1724,  p.  438-40. 


The  Shield:  its  Tinctures,  &c. 


"And  nowe,"  says  Legh,  "    ...  I  will  teach  you  to 
knowe  your  Efcocheon,  which  containeth  in  it,  nine  fun- 
drie  pointes."  49    This  promise,  by  the  aid 

r  J 

of  three  diagrams  and   many  words,  Legh 
ultimately  fulfills.     I,  however,  shall  quote 
the  briefer  explanation  of  Guillim  :  — 


, 

The  Points  of 

the  Shield. 


Dexter  Chief 
Precife  Middle  Chief 
Sinifter   Chief 
Honour 

Signifieth          Fefs  Point."*0 

Nombril 
Dexter  Bafe 
Exact  Middle  Bafe 
Sinifter  Bafe 


All  this  is  sufficiently  clear  when  stated,  but  the  student 
should  note  one  thing  :  that  the  dexter  side  of  the  shield 
is  not  the  side  at  the  right  hand  of  the  beholder,  but  at 
the  right  hand  of  the  bearer.  In  other  words,  the  upper 
dexter  corner  of  this  page  is  what  we  would  call  the  upper 
left-hand  corner. 

"Now  will  I  declare  to  you,  of  nine  fondry  particions. 
The  firft  whereof  is  a  partition  fro  the  higheft  part  of  the 
Efcocheo,  to  the  loweft  pointe,  as  here  ap- 
peareth.  Ye  fhal  fay  for  the  blafo  therof, 
ptie  per  Pale,  arget,  &  Geules."  s1  This 
(i)  Per  Pale,  division,  party  per  pale,  does  not  occur  in 
any  of  the  coats  blazoned  by  Jonson  ;  but  he  uses  the 
phrase  in  his  description  of  the  costume  of  personified 
"Accidence"  in  Loves  Welcome  at  Welbeck.  ^ 


The  Nine 
Partitions: 


Legh,  Fol.  24  a.    5°    Guillim,    1679,  P-  29  i  17*4,  P-  6.     5I    Legh,  Fol.  25  a 
s^  Wks,  III,  215. 


24  Heralds  &  Heraldry, 

"The  fecod  partition,"  says  Legh,    "is  on  this  wife, 

and  is  not  otherwife  blazed.     Hee  beareth  quarterly,    Or 

and  Geules."  ^     Here  the  shield  is  divided 

(2)  Quarterly.      by   a  vertical  and  a  horizontal  line  into 

four  equal  parts,  of  which  the  first  and  the  fourth  are  of 
the  tincture  first  named  and  the  second  and  third  quarters 


i.ia    «(  A          TOu.XSB  Tou.aSi  fou.itoA 


TOi.  i.3S.  T.w  17  A  Tou.t-JA.  T 

FIGURE  4. 

THE  NINE  PARTITIONS 
REDRAWN  FROM  LEGH'S  ACCEDENS  OF  ARMORY,  1576. 

are  of  the  second  tincture.  In  Loves  Welcome  at  Wei- 
beck,  Jonson  describes  a  coat  as,  "of  azure  and  gules  quar- 
terly changed."  54 

The  next  six  partitions,  namely,  per  fesse,  per  bend, 

per  bend  sinister,  per  chevron,  per  saltier,  and  per  pile  in 

,  ,  point,  I  have  included  in  the  plate  (Figure 

4),  but  shall  not  here  define,  since  Jonson 

does  not  use  them.     The  ninth   partition, 

however,   occurs   in  his  most   elaborate   blazon.     "The 

nynth  partition,"  says  Legh,  "is  parted  per  Geronne  of 

eyght  peeces,  Argent,  &  Geules.     It  is  very  rare  to  haue 

53  Legh,  Fol.  23  b.    s*  Wks,  III,  215. 


The  Shield:  its  Tinctures,  &c.  25 

a  particion  of  fo  many  coloures  countered,  &  yet  it  is 
commended  of  myne  aucthors,  afore  fpoken  of."  ss  This 
partition,  Gyrony,  is  formed  by  first  quartering  the  shield 
as  described  above,  and  then  adding  the  diagonals,  so  that 
the  field  is  divided  into  eight  triangular  pieces  meeting  at 
the  center.  This  partition  occurs  in  the  arms  of  Sogli- 
ardo,  in  Every  Man  Out  of  His  Humour,  and  contributes 
very  materially  to  the  intended  effect — Fool's  Motley.  & 

«  Legh,  Fol.  27  b.      &  E.  M.  O.,  in,  I ;  Wks,  I,  100. 


FIGURE  5. 

A  LION  RAMPANT. 

REPRODUCED  FROM  LEGH,  FOL.  44  A. 


CHAPTER  III. 
THE  CHARGES,  OR  BEARINGS. 


^ffROM  THE  SHIELD,  its  tinctures,  forms, 
^1  m*  points,  and  partitions,  we  come  now  to  the  in- 
II  signa  that  may  be  placed  upon  it.  "The 
^^  Charge,!'  says  Guillim,  "is  that  thing  whatfo- 
ever  that  doth  occupy  the  Field."  '  "Thofe  things  that 
are  born[e],"  is  the  definition  of  Peacham.  2  When  a 
device  is  placed  upon  a  shield,  the  field,  or  whatever  the 
device  rests  upon,  is  said  to  be  "charged"  with  it.  Thus 
Puntarvolo  accounts  the  shield  of  Sogliardo  to  be  "a  very 
fair  coat,  well  charged,  and  full  of  armory  ;"  3  and  Jonson, 
in  describing  the  scene  for  his  Hue  and  Cry  After  Cupid, 
mentions  "two  pilasters  charged  with  spoils  and  trophies 
of  Love."  4 

Of  these  Charges,  or  Bearings  as  they  are  also  called, 
there  are  three  main  groups  :  — 

(1)  The  Honorable  Ordinaries. 

(2)  The  Subordinate  Ordinaries,  Subordinaries,  or, 
as  Legh  calls  them,  the  Ordinaries  Generall. 

(3)  The  Common  Charges. 

These  three  classes,  I  shall  consider  in  the  order 
named. 

The  Honorable  Ordinaries  are  nine  in  number:    (i) 

The  Cross.     (2)  The  Chief.     (3)  The  Pale.     (4)  The 

H        hi     Bend.    (5)    The   Fesse.    (6)     Scocheon. 

'  (7)  The   Chevron.     (8)  The   Saltier.     (9) 

The    Bar.     This  is  the  list  as  given  by 

Legh,  s    by  Guillim,  6    by  Peacham,  ?    and  by  Carter.  8 

1  Guillim,  1679,  p.  37  ;  1724^.27.  2  Peacham:  The  Gentleman's  Exercise,  1634, 
p.  141  ;  and  The  Compleat  Gentleman,  1661,  p.  434.  3  £.  M.  O.,  Ill,  I  ;  Wks, 
1,  100.  *  Wks,  III,  37.  s  Legh,  Fol.  62  a-  68  a.  6  Guillim,  1679,  p.  38  ;  1724, 
p.  28.  ?  Peacham,  G.  E.,  1634,  p.  141  ;  C.  G.,  1661,  p.  434.  8  Carter,  17. 


Charges.  27 

The  last  three  quote  the  list  from  Legh,  and  give  him 
credit.  Modern  writers  omit  the  Escutcheon,  and  some- 
times also  the  Bar,  and  make  up  the  number  by  adding 
the  Bend  Sinister,  9  or  the  Pile  and  Quarter.  10  We, 
however,  purpose  to  follow  Legh,  and  even  from  his  list 
to  consider  only  the  four  Honorable  Ordinaries  mentioned 
by  Jonson,  namely,  the  Cross,  the  Chief,  the  Chevron, 
and  the  Saltier. 

"Although,"  says  Legh,  "the  crofle  of  all  other  tokes 

be  not  moft  aucienteft,  yet  moft  chriftieneft.     Therfore  I 

will  begin  at  the  fame.     Whereas  there 

(1)  The  Cross.  ,.  o    r~j        r  r    /-      rr  j 

are  diuers  &  fodry  fortes  of  Crones,  and 
borne  on  fondry  waies :  ...  I  will  begeen  with  the 
CrofTe  comoli  called  S.  Georges  croffe,  which  is  thus  blafed. 
.  .  .  The  field  Argent:  a  playne  croffe  Geules.  The 
fielde  fignifieth  purenes  of  life.  The  croffe  fignifi eth  the 
bludd  that  Chrift  fhed  for  vs  hys  people  of  Englad.  .  .  .  "  Jt 
This,  the  simplest  form  of  the  cross,  consists  merely  of 
two  broad  stripes,  horizontal  and  vertical,  intersecting  at 
the  center  of  the  shield  and  extending  to  its  perimeter. 
Spenser  has  aptly  characterized  it  as  "...  a  bloody 
Crosse  that  quartered  all  the  field."  l2  Of  the  width  of 
the  cross,  Legh  says  :  "The  content  therof  is  the  fifte 
part  of  the  fielde,  except  it  be  charged,  then  it  mufte 
conteine  the  thirde  parte."  ^  Jonson  mentions  the  St. 
George's  cross  in  his  Prince  Henry's  Barriers.  l« 

The  Chief,  according  to  Legh,  "is  the  feconde  of  the 

honorable  ordinaries,  and  before  the  paffion  of  Chrifte,  it 

was  the  firfte."  ^     As  a  charge,  it  is  a 

(2)  The  Chiet     ,          ,  ,       .        J,    -.  -A 

broad  horizontal  stripe  occupying  the  upper 
third  of  the  field.  It  occurs  in  the  arms  of  Sogliardo,  l6 
and  the  phrase  "in  chief"  occurs  in  the  arms  of  Crispinus.1? 

'  Boutell  &  Aveling,  20.  10  Planch^,  45.  »  Legh,  27  b.  12  Faerie  Queen,  II, 
I,  xviii.  «  Legh,  Fol.62a.  '«  Wks,  III,  67.  «  Legh,  Fol.  62  a.  «'  E. 
M.  O.,  Ill,  I  ;  Wks,  I,  100.  "  Poetaster,  II,  I ;  Wks,  I,  2iS. 


28 


Heralds  &  Heraldry. 


"In  chief,"  however,  has  reference  to  the  position  of  the 
charge,  as  occupying  the  "chief  point"  of  the  shield,  not 
to  its  being  borne  on  a  chief. 

The  Chevron  consists  of  two  broad  stripes  issuing 

from  the  sides  of  the  shield  near  the  bottom,  i.  e.  from 

the  dexter  and  sinister  bases,  and  meet- 

(7)    The  Chevron.  ...  .  ,   ,  ,7,,  , 

mg  like  an  mvertep  letter  "V  at  the 
center  of  the  shield.  In  width,  unless  it  be  charged,  it 
occupies  one-fifth  of  the  field.  l8  Jonson  uses  the  word 
incidentally  in  hisv  Masque  of  Blackness,  '9  and  in  his 
Masque  of  Hymen ;  20  but  in  its  strictly  heraldic  sense, 
he  uses  it  only  in  the  arms  of  Sogliardo.  2I 


A  ACOCHEOf*    'f\    CHtvrtOK       A 
Tou.t6.fl  TOJ.    66   A  -FOV..-J7.Q 

FIGURE  6. 

THE  NINE  HONORABLE   ORDINARIES. 
REDRAWN  FROM  LEGH'S  ACCEDENS  OF  ARMORY,  1576. 

The  Saltier,   or  Saltire,   sometimes   called  the   St. 
Andrew's  Cross,  differs  from  the  St.  George's  Cross  only 

in  that  it  lies  upon  the  field  diagonally, 
(8)     The  Saltier.    ...         .«       ,^          «v»         T>U-      u  ui 

like    the  letter   "X  .      This   honorable 
ordinary,  according  to  Legh,  "muft  coteine  the  fifth  parte 

«  Legh.  Fol.  66  a.    J9  Wks,  III,  4.    20  Wks,  III,  29.    2I  E.  M.  O.,  Ill,  I;    Wks, 
1,  100. 


Charges.  29 

of  the  field  except  it  bee  charged  with  anye  thinge,  then 
fhall  it  conteine  the  thirde  parte  of  the  Scocheon."  " 
Legh  and  Guillim  do  not  identify  the  Saltier  with  the  St. 
Andrew's  Cross.  Carter,  however,  paraphrases  Guillim's 
description  of  the  Saltier  **  and  then  adds,  "in  the  nature 
of  that  which  we  ufually  call  a  St.  Andrews  Croffe."  2« 
Jonson  nowhere  mentions  the  Saltier ;  but  as  he  speaks 
of  the  St.  Andrew's  Cross,  in  the  Masque  of  the  Meta- 
morphosed Gipsies,  a*  I  have  thought  better  to  include  it. 
The  Sudordinaries,  or  "Ordinaries  Generall,"  accord- 
ing to  Legh,  are  (i)  the  Geronne,  or  Gyron,  (2)  the  Orle, 
,  ..  .  (3)  the  Pyle,  (4)  the  Quarter,  (5)  the 

The  Nine  Ordinaries     )r'  *     '   ^*'  *        ~ 

Quarter  Sinister,  (6)  the  Canton,  (7) 
the  Canton  Sinister,  (8)  Flasques,  and 
(9)  Voyders.  26  Of  these,  Jonson  mentions  only  one,  the 
Canton,  a  rectangular  figure  occupying  the  upper  left- 
hand  corner  of  the  shield,  i.  e.  the  dexter  chief,  and  filling 
usually  about  one  third  of  the  chief.  2?  This  charge  ap- 
pears in  the  Welsh  coat  of  the  Lady  Pecunia.  2S  The 
name  of  one  other  Subordinary,  the  Pyle,  occurs  in  the 
opening  scene  of  Bartholomew  Fair,  29  but  in  a  sense  far 
from  heraldic.  The  phrase  is  "cross  and  pile," — "heads 
and  tails"  as  we  would  say.  But  although  one  side  of  the 
coin  bore  a  "cross"  the  other  side  did  not  bear  a  "pile." 
The  term  is  derived,  rather,  from  the  small  iron  pile,  or 
pillar,  on  which  the  reverse  of  the  coin  was  laid  to  be 
stamped. 

22  Legh,  Fol.  67  a.  «  Guillim,  1679,  p.  63;  1724,  p.  58-60.  2<  Carter  38.  «  Wks, 
III,  141.  2*  Legh,  Fol.  68  a  -  70  b.  27  "A  Canton  is  an  Ordinary  framed 
of  two  streight  Lines,  the  One  drawn  perpendicularly  from  the  Chief,  and 
the  other  transverse  from  the  Side  of  the  Escutcheon,  and  meeting  there- 
with in  a  Right  Angle,  near  to  the  Corner  of  the  Escutcheon."— Guillim, 
1724,  p.  45;  corrected  from  1679,  p.  51.  28  S.  of  j\~.,  IV,  I ;  Wks,  11,322 
-9  Bartholomew  fair,  I,  I ;  Wks,  II,  153. 


30  Heralds  &  Heraldry 

Leaving  now  the  Honorable  Ordinaries  and  the  Ordi- 
naries Generall,  we  come  to  the  Common  Charges.  This 

group,  to  quote  the  words  of  Legh, 
The  Common  Charges,     !'        V       .?.,  r... 

includes  "all  maner  of  thmges  quick 
Alphabetically  Qr  dead  „  30    jonson>  however,  con- 

Arranged.  tents    himself    with   the   following 

fifteen  :  the  Annulet,  the  Bezant,  the  Boar,  the  Boar's 
Head,  the  Dragon,  the  Eagle,  the  Fleur-de-lis,  the  Grey- 
hound, the  Label,  the  Leek,  the  Lion,  the  Plate,  the  Rose, 
the  Star,  the  Sun.  These  fifteen,  for  convenience,  I 
shall  consider  in  alphabetical  order. 

The  Annulet,  according  to  Legh,  "is  a  rynge,  fuche 
as  men  weare  on  their  fingers."  ^  Elsewhere,  he  says 
that  annulets  "are  fuppofed  to  bee  the  ringes  of  mayle, 
whiche  was  an  armour  of  defence  longe  before  hardnes  of 
fteele."  *2  A  single  annulet  standing  "on  the  middell  of 
the  chief e,"  33  was  the  "difference  of  a  fifth  brother  ;"  34 
but  the  two  annulets  in  Sogliardo's  coat  ^  can  have  no 
such  meaning.  Jonson's  intent  appears  in  the  remark  of 
Carlo : 

Car.     How's  that  ?  on. a  chief  argent  ? 
Sag.     [reads.]     "On  a  chief  argent,  a 
boar's  head  proper,  between  two  ann'lets 
sable." 

Car.     'Slud,  it's  a  hog's  cheek  and  pud- 
dings in  a  pewter  field,  this  !  3S 

The  Bezant  is  one  of  a  group  of  round  devices  known 
collectively  as  the  Rundels,  or  Roundels.  The  roundels, 
in  the  words  of  Legh,  "as  they  differ  in  colour,  fo  haue 
they  fondy  names."  *6  The  roundel  or  is  called  a  bezant, 
the  roundel  argent,  a  plate  ;  and  so  on.  37  Jonson  men- 
tions bezants  in  one  of  the  coats  of  the  Lady  Pecunia,  & 

3°  Legh,  Fol.  83  b.  3i  Legh,  Fol.  109  a.  »  ,05  a.  "  IIO  b.  34  See  under  Differ- 
ences, beyond.  35  £,  M.O.,  III,  I;  Wks,  I,  100.  36  Legh,  Fol.  86  b.  37  g7 
a-88b.  38  s.  of  IV.,  IV,  I;  Wks,  II,  322. 


Charges,  31 

where  the  charge  is  especially  appropriate  because,  accord- 
ing to  Legh,  a  bezant  is  a  "lumpe  of  gold."  39 

The  Boar,  of  course,  is  merely  the  wild  beast  of  that 
name,  regularly  blazoned  passant,  i.  e.  walking.  *°  Jonson, 
with  satiric  intent,  gives  Sogliardo  as  a  crest  "a  boar  with- 
out a  head,  rampant,"  4I 

The  Boar's  Head,  likewise,  requires  no  explanation. 
It  is  a  charge  in  good  repute  in  heraldry,  and  in  no  wise 
invited  Carlo's  satirical  interpretation  quoted  above.  <2 

The  Dragon  is  a  fabulous  monster  represented  in 
heraldry  "with  wings  endorsed,"  i.  e.  back  to  back,  "four 
legs,  and  a  serpent-like  tail."  43  All  the  Tudor  sovereigns 
bore  a  dragon  gules  as  one  of  their  supporters  ;  **  and  this 
may  be  Jonson 's  allusion  in  A  Tale  of  a  Tub.  « 

The  Eagle  of  heraldry  is  a  somewhat  conventional- 
ized king  of  birds,  drawn  usually  with  wings  displayed. 
The  double-headed  eagle  is  not  infrequent.  Sixteenth 
century  writers  seem  to  have  believed  that  the  Roman 
Eagles  were  in  the  nature  of  heraldic  bearings,  and  they 
ascribe  to  Julius  Caesar  the  coat :  "Or,  an  Eagle  displayed 
with  ii  heddes  Sable."  4<5  Jonson,  in  The  Poetaster, 
makes  a  similar  assumption :  "Does  not  Caesar  give  the 
Eagle  ?"  47  Here  the  reference  is  to  Augustus  Caesar  ; 
but  the  lack  of  historical  perspective  is  as  marked  in  Jon- 
son as  in  Legh. 

The  Fleur-de-lis  of  heraldry  is  even  more  covention- 
alized  than  the  eagle.  I  shall  not  venture  to  describe  this 
lily,  but  shall  rather  rely  upon  a  shield  redrawn  from 
Legh.  (Figure  9.)  "There  can  be  little  doubt  that 
the  kings  of  France,  from  Clovis  downwards,  bore  a  field 
covered  with  golden  lilies,  and  that  Charles  VI  reduced 
the  number  to  three.  .  .  .  Edward  III  quartered  the 

39  Legh,  Fol.  87  a.  *°  See  Figure  n  and  Figure  14.  «J  E.  M.  O.,  Ill,  I;  Wks,  I, 
100.  <2  Same  passage.  •*•*  Boutell  &  Aveling,  139.  *«  Ibid,  318.  See  my 
note  on  A  Tale  of  a  Tub,  I,  HI,  in  Part  II  of  this  monograph.  «  Tale  of 
a  Tub,  I,  m  ;  Wks,  H,  445.  «*  Legh,  Fol.  23,  a.  u  Poetaster,  V,  I ;  Wks, 
I,  253- 


32  Heralds  &  Heraldry 

French  shield,  semie  de  Us,  on  his  great  seal  and  in  his 
arms.  The  Fleurs-de-lis  were  removed  from  the  English 
shield  in  1801."  <8  Elizabeth,  James,  and  Charles,  all 
bore  the  French  lilies  in  their  arms ;  but  this,  I  take  it, 
is  not  the  reason  why  Jonson,  especially  in  his  masques 
and  entertainments,  mentions  them  so  often.  His  lilies 
appear  rather  out  of  compliment  t,o  Henrietta  Maria, 
sister  to  Louis  XIII,  and  queen  of  Charles  I.  w 


FIG.  7.  FIG.  8.  FIG.  9. 

LABEL,  ROSE.  AND  FLEUR-DE-LIS. 
REDRAWN  FROM  LEGH'S  ACCEDENS  OF  ARMORY,  1576. 

The  Greyhound  of  heraldry  is  regularly  depicted  as 
passant.  All  the  Tudor  sovereigns  except  Edward  VI, 
seem  to  have  used  the  greyhound  as  one  of  the  supporters 
of  the  royal  arms,  a  greyhound  argent  with  a  lion  or,  or  a 
dragon  gules.  s°  This  may  be  Jonson's  reference  in  A 
Tale  of  a  Tub.  s* 

The  Label  consists  of  a  very  narrow  horizontal 
stripe,  usually  borne  in  chief,  from  which  hang  three  or 
more  pendants  or  ribands.  (See  Figure  7).  When  used 
as  a  difference,  or,  to  be  more  exact,  as  a  mark  of  cadency, 
it  indicates  the  eldest  son.  s»  Such,  however,  is  not  its 
use  in  Jonson.  Legh  objects  to  the  name  "labell", 
preferring  to  say,  "Hee  beareth  Argent,  a  fyle  with  iij. 
Lambeaux  Azure ;"  and  he  asks,  "whether  it  be  better 
faide,  a  fyle  with  iii  togues,  or  a  togue  of  three  pointes." 

•»8  B.  &  A,  149.  «9  Wks,  III,  198,  203,  221.  5°  B.  &  A.  318  ;  see  my  note  on  A 
Tale  of  a  Tub,  I,  III,  in  Part  II  of  this  monograph.  ^  Tele  of  a  Tub,  I, 
m  ;  Wks,  II,  445.  "  Legh,  Fo).  107  a. 


Charges.  33 

He  quotes  one  authority,  Alciatus,  however,  who  "writeth 
that  they  are  playtes  or  ployts  of  garments."  53  This 
may  explain  the  meaning  of  the  word  "labels"  as  twice 
used  by  Jonson  to  describe  some  portion  of  the  costume 
worn  in  the  Masque  of  Hymen;  M  but  if  Jonson  anywhere 
uses  the  word  in  its  heraldic  sense,  it  can  only  be  in  the 
passage,  "A  pair  of  twelve-penny  broad  ribands  laid  out 
like  labels."  ss 

The  Leek  is  a  culinary  herb  allied  to  the  onion ;  but 
whether  it  be  borne  in  heraldry  save  by  the  Lady  Pecunia, 
I  know  not.  Jonson  blazons  it  as  "vert,  .  .  .  tasselled 
argent ;"  &  but  although  my  authorities  display  pictures 
of  heraldic  turnips  and  other  vegetables,  57  I  am  unable 
to  hand  you  an  heraldic  leek.  Tradition,  however, 
asserts  that  the  Leek  was  adopted  as  the  national  badge 
of  the  Welsh  by  direction  of  St.  David,  in  honor  of  a 
victory  won  by  King  Arthur  over  the  Saxons,  s8  There 
can  be  no  doubt  that  the  leek  was  the  subject  of  many 
an  Elizabethan  jest  upon  the  Welshmen. 

The  Lion  of  heraldry,  a  somewhat  conventionalized 
lion,  appears  in  various  named  positions.  A  lion  rampant, 
is  a  lion  erect  on  his  hind  legs,  with  tail  and  fore  paws 
elevated,  facing  the  dexter  chief  point.  (Figure  5,  page 
25).  Scott's  Marmion  recalls  to  us 

.  .  .     the  dazzling  field 
Where,  in  proud  Scotland's  royal  shield, 
The  ruddy  lion  ramp'd  in  gold.  59 

A  lion  passant  is  a  lion  walking  toward  the  dexter  side, 
with  three  paws  on  the  ground,  the  right  fore-paw  raised, 
and  the  head  in  profile.  Spenser  tells  of  a 

«  Same  reference.  s<  Wks,  III,  29.  "  S.  of  N.,  I,  II ;  Wks,  II,  288.  &  S.  of  N., 
IV,  I;  Wks,  II,  322.  S7  Guillirn,  1679,  p.  113,  103-6;  1724,  p.  140,  122-26. 
s8  Century  Dictionary.  59  Marmion,  IV,  xxviii. 


34  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

.  .  .     goodly  shield,    . 
That  bore  a  Lion  passant  in  a  golden  field.  6o 

The  positions  "rampant  gardant"  and  "passant  gardant" 
differ  from  rampant  and  passant  respectively,  in  that  the 
face  of  the  lion  is  turned  to  the  spectator.  Similarly, 
"rampant  regardant"  and  "passant  regardant"  depict  the 
lion  as  looking  back  over  his  shoulder.  Mr.  Planche 
makes  gardant  and  regardant  synonymous, — full-faced  ;  6l 
Legh.  however,  whose  illustrations  and  text  on  this  point 
I  reproduce  farther  on  in  Figure  16,  insists  on  the 
distinction.  6z  Jonson  makes  no  use  of  lions  in  his 
heraldic  passages ;  but  he  uses  the  terms  rampant,  passant, 
gardant,  regardant,  in  Cynthia's  Revels,  63  in  Bartholomew 
Fair,  6-*  in  blazoning  the  headless  crest  of  Sogliardo,  6s 
and  elsewhere. 

The  Plate  is,  like  the  Bezant,  a  Roundel ;  in  this 
case,  a  roundel  argent.  ^  Jonson  mentions  plates,  perhaps 
with  an  intent  to  pun,  in  the  arms  of  Sogliardo.  6" 

The  Rose  of  heraldry  appears  in  various  conven- 
tional forms,  most  frequently  as  a  cinquefoil.  I  present 
a  redrawing  of  the  illustration  from  Legh.  ^  (Figure  8, 
above).  Jonson's  most  frequent  reference  is  to  the 
"blended  rose,"  which  was  one  of  the  badges  of  the 
Tudor  sovereigns.  ^ 

The  Roundels,  so  far  as  they  appear  in  Jonson,  I 
have  discussed  above,  under  the  heads  of  Plates  and 
Bezants. 

The  Star  in  heraldry  has  regularly  six  wavy  points 
or  rays.  So  Legh  depicts  it.  ?°  Our  five-pointed  star  is 
called  in  heraldry  a  Mullet.  In  his  Masque  of  Hymen, 

60  Faerie  Queen,  III,  I,  iv.  6I  Planche,  201-2.  62  Legh,  Fol.  48  a.  63  Cynthia's 
Kfvels,  III,  III:  Wks,  I,  170.  6~  Bartholomew  Fair,  Induction;  Wks,  II, 
146.  «  E.  M.  O.,  Ill,  I;  Wks,  I,  100.  «>  Legh,  Fol.  87  a.  «  E.  M.  O., 
Ill,  I;  Wks,  I,  100.  6S  Legh,  Fol.  99  b.  &9  Wks,  III,  69,  221;  See  under 
"Badges."  ?°  Legh.  Fol.  59  a. 


Charges.  35 

Jonson  describes  Reason's  garments  as  "blue  .  .  . 
semined  with  stars."  ?'  "Semined,"  in  this  passage  is 
equivalent  to  the  more  technical  "semee,"  meaning  sown, 
powdered. 

The  Sun  appears  in  heraldry  as  a  human  face 
surrounded  with  rays.  Jonson  blazons  it  as  "proper, 
beamy  twelve  of  the  second,"  72  that  is,  gold  with  twelve 
gold  rays.  Concerning  the  improper  use  of  "proper"  in 
this  blazon,  see  my  note  on  this  passage  in  Part  II. 
With  this  note,  I  place,  as  Figure  22,  a  picture  of  an 
heraldic  Sun,  reproduced  from  Legh.  " 

This  concludes  our  list  of  Common  Charges  named 

by  Jonson  ;  but  before  we  close  our  discussion  of  charges, 

we  must  notice  one  further  technical  term  occasionally 

used    by    Jonson, — the    word    "Difference."       Broadly 

considered,  a  Difference  is  some  modification 

Differences.       ,     .        ,.       .,  .    ,        .,  r    ,.   .. 

of  the  family  coat  for  the  purpose  of  distin- 
guishing the  several  sons  or  younger  branches,  or  some 
feudal  ally,  from  the  head  of  the  family.  If  the  difference 
denote  a  blood  relationship,  it  is  called,  preferably,  a 
"mark  of  cadency."  ?<  Legh,  however,  calls  these  marks 
the  "nyne  differences  for  brethren,"  and  names,  like 
modern  authorities,  the  f ollowing  list :  ( I )  the  label, 
(2)  the  crescent,  (3)  the  mullet,  (4)  the  martelet,  (5) 
the  annulet,  (6)  the  fleur-de-lis,  (7)  the  rose,  (8)  the 
cross  moline,  and  (9)  the  double  quatrefoil.  **  These 
marks,  during  the  life-time  of  a  father,  distinguish  the 
arms  of  his  sons  in  the  order  named.  This,  however,  is 
not  the  sole  heraldic  function  of  these  particular  charges, 
and  is  in  no  case  the  purpose  for  which  Jonson  uses  them. 
When  Jonson  speaks  of  "Differences,"  moreover,  he  uses 
the  term  not  as  a  synonym  for  "Marks  of  Cadency,"  but 
in  the  broader  sense  of  any  distinguishing  mark.  Thus 

?'  Wks,  III,  22.    n  s.  of  A:,  IV,  I ;  Wks,  II,  321.    «  Legh,  FoL  58  b.    ?*  B.  &  A., 
234.    ~>  Legh,  Fol.  107  a -nob;  B.  &  A.,  255. 


36  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Shakspere  uses  it  in  Much  Ado  About  Nothing,  "Let 
him  bear  it  for  a  difference  between  himself  and  his 
horse,"  ?6  and  again  in  Hamlet,  "O,  you  must  wear  your 
rue  with  a  difference."  77  Similarly,  in  this  very  general 
sense,  Jonson  uses  the  word  "difference"  in  the  Masque 
of  Blackness,  ?8  and  in  Love's  Welcome  at  Bolsover.  ™ 

«>  Much  Ado,  I,  I.    ">"  Hamki,  IV,  II.    78  Wks,  ill,  4.    ?9  Wks,  in,  221. 


CHAPTER  IV. 
THE  MARSHALLING  OF  ARMS. 


MARSHALLING  OF  ARMS  is  the  cor- 
rect  combination  of  two  or  more  coats  as  a  single 
Achievement,  to  indicate  the  several  lines  of 
descent  that  unite  in  the  person  of  the  bearer. 
In  the  words  of  Guillim,  "Marf  hailing,  as  it  concerns 
Coat-Armours,  ...  is  an  orderly  difpofing  of  fundry 
Coat-Armours  pertaining  to  diftinct  Families,  and  of  their 
contingent  Ornaments,  with  their  Parts  and  Appurte- 
nances in  their  proper  places."  x 

From  these  definitions,  the  importance  of  Marshal- 
ling, in  any  discussion  of  the  heraldry  of  Jonson's  day, 
must  be  evident.  To  commemorate  family  alliances  was, 
and  is,  one  of  the  chief  functions  of  armorial  insignia. 
These  alliances  were  indicated  by  the  marshalling  of  arms. 
To  ignore  Marshalling,  therefore,  would  be  not  merely  to 
miss  one  of  the  chief  uses  of  the  "Hand-maid  of  History," 
but  utterly  to  miscalculate  the  importance  of  the  entire 
subject  of  Heraldry.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  no 
instance  of  marshalled  coats  occurs  in  Jonson,  we  are 
bound  to  consider  Marshalling  in  this  study,  if  only  for 
the  sake  of  breadth  of  view. 

Because  of  the  importance  of  this  subject,  I  am  the 
more  sorry  that  the  available  information  is  so  inadequate. 
I  know  what  modern  writers  say  of  Marshalling  ;  I  know 
what  Legh  and  Guillim  and  their  contemporaries  wrote. 
I  have  the  rules  that  I  shall  presently  quote  to  you  from 
Robert  Glover,  who  was  Somerset  herald  from  1571  to 

1  Guillim,  1724,  p.  417. 


38  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

1588  ;  and  I  have  applied  these  rules,  from  generation  to 
generation,  to  the  coats  and  pedigrees  recorded  in  various 
heraldic  Visitations  of  the  time.  I  think  that  I  under- 
stand the  usual  application  of  these  rules.  But  every 
now  and  then  I  come  upon  an  exception — a  case  in  which 
a  coat  that  I  was  expecting  in  the  sixth  quarter  turns  up 
in  the  fifth — and  then  I  wonder  whether  I  really  know 
anything  about  the  subject. 

In  Marshalling,  the  two  rules  of  most  frequent  ap- 
plication are  as  follows  : — 

(1)  On  marriage  with  a   woman  not  an  heiress,  a 
man  may  bear  her  arms  on  his  shield  beside  his  own,  his 
on  the  dexter,  hers  on  the  sinister  side.     This  is  called 
"party  per  pale,  Baron  and  Femme."     The  arrangement, 
however,  continues  only  for  their  lifetime  ;  their  heirs  in- 
herit but  the  paternal  coat. 

(2)  If,  however,  the  wife  should  be  an  heiress,  that 
is,  if  her  father  were  without  an  heir  male  to  perpetuate 
the  name,  then  if  she  should  have  male  issue,  her  husband 
would  no  longer  impale  her  arms,  but  would  bear  them 
on  the  center  of  his  own  shield  on  an  "escutcheon  of 
pretense  ;"  and  their  heirs,  inheriting  both  his  coat  and 
hers,  would  marshall  the  coats  anew,  placing  the  father's 
coat  in  the  first  and  fourth  quarters,  i.  e.  in  the  upper 
dexter  and  lower  sinister  quarters,  and  the  mother's  coat 
in  the  second  and  third. 

These  are,  in  substance,  the  rules  of  marshalling  laid 
down  by  Legh  ;  a  but  for  the  sake  of  clearness,  I  shall  re- 
state them  in  the  words  of  Robert  Glover,  who  was  Som- 
erset herald  from  1571  to  1588  3  ; — 

"If  any  man  marrye  an  inheritor  or  coheir  apparent 
to  her  father,  the  fame  may  bear  his  wife's  father's  arms 

2  Legh,  Fol.  25  a,  b.    3  MS.  Glover,  Coll.  Arm.,L.  xv.  p. 36,  quoted  by  Dallaway, 
370. 


Marshalling.  39 

paley  joined  to  his  owne  without  difference,  and  if  the 
wife's  father  dye  without  iffue  male  lawfully  begotten, 
then  it  fhall  be  lawful  for  the  partye  marrying  the  heire 
generall  or  coheir,  havinge  ifTue  of  her  bodye,  to  place  her 
armes  within  an  inefcocheon,  within  the  middle  of  his 
whole  armes,  .  .  .  and  the  heire  of  theyr  two  bodyes 
fhall  quarter  the  fame  inefcocheon  with  his  father's  armes, 
and  not  otherweys,  and  fo  to  the  heires  of  his  bodye  for 
ever. 

"If  a  man  bearing  armes  marrye  an  inheritrix  whofe 
progenitors  have,  before  that  time,  married  with  other  in- 
heritrixes by  whom  both  landes  and  armes  have  defcend- 
ed,  the  father  of  his  wife  having  no  fon  legitimate,  the 
fame  man  fo  marrying  may  and  fhall  lawfully  bear  her 
father's  and  mother's  armes  in  fo  large  and  ample  manner 
as  any  of  them  before  that  time  did  bear,  or  any  of  her 
progenitors.  ...  "s 

A  few  concrete  examples  should  make  the  practical 
workings  of  these  rules  more  evident ;  and  for  these 
examples  I  have  resorted  to  "The  Visitation  of  Yorkshire 
made  in  the  years  1584/5  by  Robert  Glover,  Somerset 
herald;  to  which  is  added  the  subsequent  Visitation  made 
in  1612  by  Richard  St.  George,  Norroy  king  of  arms. 
.  .  .  Edited  by  Joseph  Foster.  .  .  .  1875." 

According  to  this  record,  •*  Clapham  of  Beamsley 
bore:  ist  quarter,  Clapham;  2d  quarter,  Thornton ;  3d 
quarter,  Sutton ;  4th  quarter,  Otterburne ;  5th  quarter, 
Maleverer ;  6th  quarter,  Moore.  Let  us  examine  the 
genealogy  of  the  family,  and  see  whether  it  will  account 
for  these  six  quarters  and  their  arrangement.  If  so,  we 
shall  have  an  excellent  illustration  of  the  Marshalling  of 
Arms. 

According  to  Glover's  record  aforesaid,  William 
Clapham  married  Armiger,  daughter  and  co-heir  of  Sir 

*  Glover,  12. 


4O  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

George  Thornton,  knt.  5  Edw.  I.  The  said  William 
Clapham,  according  to  the  laws  of  marshalling,  would 
bear  the  arms  of  Thornton  over  his  own  upon  an 
escutcheon  of  pretense ;  and  his  son,  John  Clapham 
would  bear  as  his  arms,  ist  and  4th  quarters,  Clapham, 
2d  and  3d  quarters  Thornton. 

This  John  Clapham,  like  his  father,  had  the  good 
fortune  to  marry  an  heiress,  Josyan,  daughter  and  co-heir 
of  Sir  Alexander  Sutton,  knt.  i  Edw.  II.  John,  there- 
fore, would  regularly  bear  the  quartered  arms  of  Clapham 
and  Thornton  with  the  addition  of  Sutton  in  pretense ; 
and  his  son  William  Clapham,  according  to  the  laws  of 
marshalling,  would  bear  :  ist  and  4th  quarters,  Clapham  ; 
2d  quarter,  Thornton  ;  3d  quarter,  Sutton. 

This  son,  William  Clapham,  married  Cicely,  daughter 
and  co-heir  of  Sir  Raphe  Otterburne,  knt.  2  Edw.  III. 
He,  then,  would  have  borne  the  arms  of  Otterburne  in 
pretense  over  the  quartered  coat  of  Clapham,  Thornton, 
and  Sutton.  His  son  William  Clapham  would  insert  the 
maternal  arms  in  the  fourth  quarter,  and  would  transmit 
to  his  descendants:  ist  quarter,  Clapham  ;  2d  quarter, 
Thornton  ;  3d  quarter,  Sutton  ;  4th  quarter,  Otterburne. 

Now  Thomas  Clapham,  grandson  of  the  William  last 
named,  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  and  co-heir  of 
William  Moore.  This  marriage  brought  in  not  one  coat, 
but  two ;  for  Elizabeth's  father  had  married  Thomasin, 
daughter  and  co-heir  of  Peter  Maleverer  of  Beamsley,  so 
that  Elizabeth  would  rightfully  inherit  the  arms  of  both 
Moore  and  Maleverer.  If  Elizabeth  gave  precedence  to 
her  father's  coat,  her  o\vn  arms  \vould  be  :  ist  and  4th 
quarters,  Moore ;  2d  and  3d  quarters,  Maleverer.  Her 
husband,  Thomas  Clapham,  would  bear  this  quartered 
shield  in  pretense  over  the  quartered  arms  of  Clapham? 
Thornton,  Sutton,  and  Otterburne  ;  and  the  descendents 


Marshalling.  41 

of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  would  bear:  (i)  Clapham  ; 
(2)  Thornton;  (3)  Sutton ;  (4)  Otterburne;  (5)  Moore; 
(6)  Maleverer. 

For  nine  generations,  down  to  the  Visitation  of  1612, 
the  house  of  Clapham  had  quartered  these  six  coats.  If 
we  have  correctly  applied  the  laws  of  marshalling,  then 
we  should  expect  the  grouping  last  described  to  be 
identical  with  that  recorded  in  the  heraldic  visitation. 
On  comparison,  we  find  that  the  arrangement  we  have 
built  up  differs  from  the  recorded  grouping  in  one 
particular:  the  positions  of  the  arms  of  Moore  and 
Maleverer  are  interchanged.  The  arms  recorded  in  the 
Visitation  have  Maleverer  in  the  5th  quarter  and  Moore 
in  the  6th.  Why  this  is  so  I  do  not  pretend  to  say  ;  but 
similar  cases  are  not  infrequent.  Perhaps  Maleverer  was 
accounted  the  more  important  coat.  Aside  from  this 
one  point,  however,  the  arms  and  pedigree  of  Clapham 
of  Beamsley  provide  an  excellent  illustration  of  the  usual 
laws  of  marshalling. 

Occasionally,  when  marriage  with  an  heiress  brought 
in  a  coat  already  quartered,  this  quartered  coat  was  kept 
intact,  not  separated  as  in  the  Clapham  arms.  An 
instance  of  this  kind,  occurs  in  the  arms  of  Dransfield  of 
Stubbs  Walden.  *  John  Fitz-Randolph  married  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  and  co-heir  of  Thomas,  Lord  Scrope. 
Their  son,  Ranulph  Fitz-Randolph,  would  regularly  bear, 
ist  and  4th  quarters,  Fitz-Randolph  ;  2d  and  3d  quarters, 
Scrope.  So  would  Ranulph's  daughter  and  co-heiress, 
Alice.  She  married  Charles  Dransfield,  who  presumably 
bore  her  quartered  shield  in  pretense.  The  children  of 
this  marriage  of  course  quartered  the  arms  of  Dransfield, 
Fitz-Randolph,  and  Scrope.  According  to  the  Clapham 
example,  we  would  expect  these  coats  to  be  marshalled, 

»  Glover,  37. 


42  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

ist  and  4th  quarters,  Dransfield ;  2d  quarter,  Fitz- 
Randolph  ;  3d  quarter,  Scrope.  Instead,  we  find  that  the 
Fitz-Randclph-Scrope  arms  were  kept  together ;  and 
when  the  descendants  of  Charles  and  Alice  submitted 
their  family  arms  to  the  visiting  herald,  it  was  :  ist  and 
4th  quarters,  Dransfield ;  2d  and  3d  quarters,  quarterly, 
(i)  &  (4)  Fitz-Randolph,  (2)  &  (3)  Sqrope.  I  have  noted 
this  instance,  by  no  means  unique,  because  it  conforms 
to  the  rules  of  marshalling  laid  down  by  a  certain  modern 
authority.  6  But  "in  Glover's  Visitation,  and  in  such 
other  visitations  of  the  time  as  I  have  examined,  the 
quarters  are  rarely  quartered,  and  a  quartered  coat  when 
joined  to  another  is  disintegrated  and  loses  its  identity. 
I  think  that  we  may  safely  take  the  marshalling  of  the 
Clapham  coat  as  typical.  ? 

As  a  third  illustration  from  Glover,  I  will  quote  from 
the  arms  and  pedigrees  of  two  allied  families,  Borough  of 
Borough,  8  and  Lawson  of  Brough  9  : — 

fc  B.  &  A..  225  et  sec,.  7  In  arriving  at  this  conclusion,  I  have  been  at  some 
pains  to  work  out,  from  generation  to  generation,  a  large  number  of  pedi- 
grees and  marshalled  coats  recorded  in  Glover's  Visitation  of  Yorkshire. 
8  Glover,  3.  ?  Ibid,  254. 


Marshalling.  43 


BOROUGH  OF  BOROUGH. 

Arms: — ist  and  4th,  Argent,  on  a  saltire  sable, 
five  swans  of  the  field  ;  ad  and  $d,  [Argent],  a  fesse 
engrayled  between  six  fleurs-de-lis  [sable], 

Elias  de  Richmond    = 


Richard  Richmond    _  Elizabeth,  dau.  and  sole  heir 

I 
/ '        to  Wru.  Burgh. 

John,  called  himself  Burgh  a°  1412   = 


William  Burgh,  a°  1442   = 

r— ' 

William  Borough  of  Borough   = 
George  Borough    _ 


Anthony  Borough   = 

Roger  Borough    = 

Elizabeth,  mar.  to  Sir  Raphe  Lawson. 


44  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 


LAWSON  OF  BROUGH. 

Arms ; — Quarterly,  i  and  4.  Argent,  a  chevron  be- 
tween three  martlets  sable,  Lawson.  2.  Barry  of  6  ar- 
gent and  azure,  in  chief  3  annulets  sable,  Ctamlington. 
3.  Argent,  3  boars  passant  sable,  Swynnow.  On  an  in- 
escocheon,  Quarterly,  —  i  and  4.  Argent,  on  a  saltier 
sable,  5  swans  of  the  field,  Burgh.  2  and  3.  Argent,  a 
fesse  engrailed  between  6  fleurs-de-lis  sa.,  Richmond. 

Crest: — On  a  torce,  argent  and  sable,  two  arms 
couped  at  the  elbow  proper,  vested,  holding  a  ring  or, 
set  with  a  diamond  argent,  within  the  ring  a  sun  of  the  3d. 

Another  Shield: — Quarterly,  ist  and  6th,  Lawson. 
2d,  Cramlington  ;  3d,  Swynow  ;  4th,  Burgh  ;  5th,  Rich- 
mond. 

William  Lawson  of  Cramlington   = 

i 
James  Lawson   _ 


Edmond  Lawson   —  Margery,  sole  dau.  to  Ralph  Swyn- 
now,  sister  and  heir  to  John. 

Sir  Ralph  Lawson,     _    Elizabeth,   dau.    and 
of  Burgh,  in  Richmondshire,  sole   heir    of    Roger 


now   living,    1585,   and    1612. 


(  Died  1623.  ) 


Burgh.    See  pedigree 
of   Borough    of   Bor- 


ough, above. 
Roger  Lawson, 
eldest  son,  aet.  14 

anno  1585. 

Of  Heton,  co.  Northumberland. 
1612. 


Marshalling. 


45 


Here,  recorded  by  heralds  of  Ben  Jonson's  day,  we 
have,  with  these  two  pedigrees,  the  blazon  of  three  coats 
of  arms  that  illustrate  excellently  the  laws  of  marshalling. 
The  first  shield  (See  Figure  10)  shows  how  the  descend- 
ants of  Richard  Richmond  and  Elizabeth  Burgh  quartered 
the  arms  of  Burgh  and  Richmond,  giving  precedence  to 
the  coat  of  Burgh  and  adopting  Burgh  as  the  family 
name.  The  second  shield  (Figure  n)  shows  the 
quartered  arms  which  Sir  Ralph  Lawson  inherited  from 
his  ancestors,  and,  over  these,  in  pretense,  the  Burgh- 
Richmond  arms  which  he  acquired  by  marriage  with 
Elizabeth,  daughter  and  sole  heir  to  Roger  Burgh.  The 
third  shield  (Figure  12)  shows  the  manner  in  which  their 
eldest  son.  Roger  Lawson,  marshalled,  quarterly  of  six, 
the  five  coats  of  Lawson  and  Bursrh. 


FIG.  10.  FIG.  ii.  FIG.  12. 

GROUP  TO  ILLUSTRATE  THE  LAWS  OF    MARSHALLING. 
DRAWN  FROM  BLAZONS  IN  GLOVER'S  VISITATION  OF  YORKSHIRE. 

As  a  final  illustration  of  the  laws  of  marshalling,  I 
shall  now  construct,  from  the  inadequate  and  ambiguous 
evidence  supplied  by  Jonson,  a  pedigree  and  a  corres- 
ponding marshalled  coat  for  her  Grace,  Aurelia  Clara 
Pecunia,  the  Infanta.  The  evidence  from  which  we  must 
reconstruct  her  pedigree  is  to  be  found  in  The  Staple  of 
News  in  the  three  following  passages  : — 


46  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

(1)  Act  I,   scene   II  ;    Works,   II,    288.     Winter's 
edition,  Act  I,  scene  VI,  lines  39-46. 

(2)  Act  II,  scene   I;   Works,    II,    292.     Winter's 
edition  Act  II,  scene  II,  lines  11-14. 

(3)  Act  IV,  scene  I  ;    Works,   II,   321.     Winter's 
edition,  Act  III J,  scene  IV,  lines  5-30. 

On  one  of   the   several  possible,  interpretations   of 
these  passages,  I  base  the  following  pedigree  : — 

-  THE  PEDIGREE 

(  according  to  one  possible  interpretation  ) 

OF   HER    GRACE,    AURELIA    CLARA    PECUNIA, 

THE  INFANTA. 


"And  by  the  father's 
side.     I    come    from 

SOL." 
Act  IV,  sc.  I. 


?  =  "DUCHESS  OF  MINES 
was  my  great 
grand-mother." 
IV,  I. 


"My  grandfather 
was  the 
DUKE  OF  OR."   _  "andmatch- 

"But  by  her 
grandmother 
'  '  From  all  the     she  is 

IV,  I.                   |    ed  in  the 

SPANISH         -DUCHESS 

"Her  grace's 
grandfather 
was  duke,  and 

blood  -royal 
of  OPHIR." 
IV,  I. 

MINES 
in  the  West 
Indies,  for 

OF  MINES." 
II,  I. 

cousin  to  the 

she  comes 

king  of  Ophvr." 
I,  II.' 

that  way  by 
her  mother." 

II,  I. 

Her  FATHER, 
not  named. 


Her  MOTHER, 
described  only 
as  above. 


Her  Grace, 

AURELIA  CLARA  PECUNIA, 
The  Infanta. 

On  a  basis  of  this  more  or  less  probable  pedigree, 
let  us  now  trace  the  evolution  of  Pecunia's  family  coat. 
On  her  father's  side,  we  know  that  her  grandfather,  the 


Marshalling.  47 

Duke  of  Or,  bore  "Azure,  a  sun  proper  beamy  twelve  of 
the  second."  From  the  charge,  we  may  infer  either  that 
the  Duke  of  Or  was  identical  with  the  "Sol"  mentioned 
in  the  previous  line  of  the  text,  or  else  that  the  Duke  of 
Or  was  a  descendant  of  Sol.  In  the  pedigree,  I  have 
followed  the  latter  interpretation.  In  either  case,  the 
Duke  of  Or  bore  "Azure,  a  sun,  etc."  as  aforesaid.  He 
bore  also,  says  Lady  Pecunia,  a  coat  containing  bezants. 
Where  did  he  get  it  ?  Possibly  he  inherited  it ;  but  we 
have  no  mention  of  earlier  family  alliances.  Why  not 
assume  that  he  bore  it  in  pretense,  by  virtue  of  his 
match  "in  the  blood-royal  of  Ophir"  ?  Bezants  are  lumps 
of  gold,  the  value  whereof,  says  Legh,  is  3750  pounds 
sterling,  and  they  took  their  name  in  heraldry  from  the 
one  hundred  and  twenty  besants  of  gold  which  King 
Hiram,  in  exchange  for  twenty  cities,  gave  to  Solomon.10 
Surely,  then,  bezants  are  a  charge  appropriate  for  the 
royal  line  of  Ophir.  If  we  accept  this  hypothesis,  then 
Pecunia's  father  would  bear,  before  his  marriage,  Quar- 
terly, ist  and  4th  quarters,  Azure,  a  sun  proper  beamy 
twelve  of  the  second.  2d  and  3d  quarters,  a  coat 
containing  bezants.  So,  then,  we  have  the  paternal  arms 
settled. 

On  the  maternal  side,  four  lines  are  named,  each, 
presumably,  possessed  of  a  coat  of  arms.  These  lines 
are:  the  Spanish  mines  of  Potosi  in  the  West  Indies, 
the  mines  of  Hungary,  the  mines  of  Barbary,  and  the 
Welsh  mine.  From  the  passage  from  Act  II,  scene  I, 
quoted  in  the  pedigree  above,  we  may  assign  the  arms  of 
the  Spanish  mines  to  Pecunia's  maternal  grandfather ; 
and  the  coats  of  the  other  three  to  her  maternal  grand- 
mother and  great  grandmother.  By  Pecunia's  mother, 
these  four  coats  would  be  marshalled  in  a  lozenge,  in 
whatever  order  gave  precedence  to  the  most  important 

10  Legh,  Fol.  87  a. 


48 


Heralds  &  Heraldry. 


coat.  Since  this  reconstruction  is,  except  for  the  prin- 
ciples illustrated,  a  matter  of  guess-work,  let  us  freely 
assume  that  Pecunia's  mother  marshalled  her  arms  as 
follows:  ist  quarter,  the  Spanish  mines ;  2d  quarter,  the 
mines  of  Hungary ;  3d  quarter,  the  mines  of  Barbary  ; 
4th  quarter,  the  Welsh  mine.  Of  these  four  coats,  we 
know  the  blazon  only  of  the  last :  ''Argent,  three  leeks 
vert,  in  canton  or,  tasselled  of  the  first." 

We  have  now  built  up,  according  to  the  rules  of 
marshalling  of  Jbnson's  day,  a  hypothetical  coat  for 
Pecunia's  father  and  another  for  Pecunia's  mother.  After 
their  marriage,  the  father  would  bear  his  wife's  arms  in 
pretense  over  his  own.  Their  heir,  the  Lady  Pecunia, 
would  marshal!  their  combined  coats  in  a  lozenge  in  the 
following  order : — 


FIGURE  13. 

Her    Grace,    Aurelia    Clara    Pecunia,  the  Infanta, 

beareth  on  a  Lozenge,  Quarterly   of    Six:  ist  quarter, 

Azure,   a   sun    proper    beamy    twelve   of  the    second; 


Marshalling.  49 

DUCHY  OF  OR.  2d  quarter,  .  .  .  Bezants;  OPHIR.  3d 
quarter,  .  .  .  the  SPANISH  MINES.  4th  quarter,  .  .  . 
the  MINES  OF  HUNGARY.  5th  quarter,  .  .  .  the  MINES 
OF  BARBARY.  6th  quarter,  Argent,  three  leeks  vert,  in 
canton  or,  tasselled  of  the  first ;  the  WELSH  MINE. 

Now  that  we  have  reconstructed  the  pedigree  and 
arms  of  the  Lady  Pecunia,  the  question  naturally  arises 
whether  what  we  have  thus  built  up  actually  appeared  as 
a  "property"  on  Jonson's  stage.  That  a  stage-pedigree 
was  used — gorgeous  beyond  words — I  have  no  doubt ; 
But  I  do  not  think  that  the  arms  accompanying  it  were 
marshalled.  Arms,  evidently,  were  the  embellishment 
of  this  genealogical  tree  ;  but,  if  I  rightly  understand  the 
passage,  the  arms  were  not  grouped  in  a  single  shield  or 
lozenge,  but  were  placed,  each  coat  on  a  separate  shield 
each  pendant  from  the  appropriate  branch.  But,  as  I 
have  said  before,  I  have  not  reconstructed  Pecunia' s 
arms  and  pedigree  for  their  own  sake.  What  I  have 
endeavored  to  present  is  rather  some  knowledge  of  the 
theory  and  practice  of  Marshalling,  that  subject  which 
formed  so  important  a  division  of  the  science  of  Heraldry 
in  Jonson's  day. 


CHAPTER  V. 

THE  ACCESSORIES,  AND  THE  COMPLETE 
ACHIEVEMENT. 

UR  DISCUSSION  of  the  heraldry  of  Jonson's 
day  has"  thus  far  been  limited  to  the  heraldic 
Shield.  We  have  described  its  tinctures, 
forms,  points,  and  partitions  ;  the  charges  that 
may  be  placed  upon  it ;  and  the  manner  of  marshalling 
several  coats  upon  one  shield.  Our  next  topic,  the 
fourth,  is  The  Accessories,  those  heraldic  insignia 
which,  grouped  about  the  shield,  go  with  it  to  constitute 
a  Complete  Achievement. 

An  Achievement,  according  to  Legh,  '-is  the  armes 

of  euery  gentleman,   well  marmalled,  with  fupporters, 

helme,   wreathe,   and    creft,   with    man- 

The  Achievement.       ,,  ,       ,     '  ,          ,          ,  .   ,  , 

telles,  and  the  woorde,  the  whiche  of 
Herehaughtes  is  properly  called  blazonne,  heaume,  and 
timber."  '  Of  complete  achievements,  all  reproduced 
from  Legh,  this  book  contains  three  excellent  illustra- 
tions:  the  Frontispiece,  and  Figures  14  and  15  in  this 
chapter. 

The  Crest  is  a  figure,  usually  of  bird  or  beast,  that 

issues  from  a  wreath,  cap,  or  coronet,  placed  on  a  helmet 

which,  in  turn,  is  borne  above   the   shield,  as 

in    the    illustrations    just    mentioned.       For 

satiric  purposes,  Jonson  speaks  of  crests  but  twice,  but 

each  time  with  striking  effect.     The  first  is  the  crest  of 

1  Legh,  Fol.  42  b. 


Accessories  &  Achievements.  51 

Sogliardo,  "a  boar  without  a  head,  rampant;"  2  the 
second  is  the  substitute  proposed  by  Carlo, — a  frying- 
pan.  2 

The  Wreath,  which  supposedly  consists  of  twisted 

silk,  displays  six  folds,  three  of  the  principal  colour,  three 

of  the  principal  metal.     "You  Painters  and 

The  Wreath.          .   f.  .         . 

Glafiers,  take  a  rule  with  you,  says  Legh, 
"that  when  you  fet  forthe  any  wrethe,  to  fet  the  mettell 
firfte."  3 

The  Helmet,  by  its  position  and  material,  indicates 
the  rank  of  the  bearer.  «  Legh  does  not  state  the  points 
of  difference,  but  contents  himself  with 
referring  the  reader  to  his  illustrations.  In 
his  drawing  of  the  achievement  of  a  duke  (See  Frontis- 
piece), the  helmet  is  affronte,  with  six  bars.  His 
achievement  of  a  baron  (Figure  15)  displays  a  helmet  in 
profile  with  four  bars  visible.  His  knight's  helmet  is  in 
profile,  with  vizor  closed  (Figure  14);  and  his  helmet  of 
an  esquire,  closed  and  affronte.  For  these  last  two 
helmets,  Guillim  takes  Legh  to  task.  Of  a  helmet  full- 
faced  with  vizor  open,  Guillim  says  :  "This  Form  of 
Helmet  (in  my  Conceit)  doth  beft  quadrate  with  the 
Dignity  of  a  Knight,  tho'  Leigh  improperly  ufeth  the 
fame ;  the  fame  (I  fay)  in  Regard  of  the  direct  ftanding 
thereof,  but  divers  in  this,  that  the  Beaver  of  that  is  clofe, 
and  this  open.  For  he  affigneth  this  to  the  degree  of  an 
Ef quire,  wherein  I  altogether  diffent."  s  And  of  a 
helmet  in  profile  with  vizor  closed,  Guillim  says  :  "This 
form  of  Helmet,  placed  fide-long  and  clofe,  doth  Ger. 

3  E.  M.  O.,  ITI,  I ;  Wks,  I,  100.  3  Legh,  Fol.  89  b.  «  Boutell  &  Aveling,  pp. 
329-30,  state  the  matter  thus  :  "The  Helm  of  the  Sovereign,  and  Princes 
of  the  Blood  Royal,  is  of  gold,  and  stands  affronte,  guarded  with  six  bars. 
The  Helm  of  nobles  is  of  silver  decorated  with  gold  ;  it  is  represented  in 
profile,  and  showing  five  bars.  ...  The  Helm  of  Baronets  and  Knights 
is  of  steel,  garnished  with  silver,  and  standing  affronte ;  the  vizor  is  raised, 
and  without  bars.  The  Helm  of  Esquires  and  Gentlemen  has  the  vizor 
closed,  and  is  placed  in  profile."  s  Guillim,  1679,  p.  309 ;  1724,  p.  441. 


52  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Leigh  attribute  to  the  Dignity  of  a  Knight ;  but  in  mine 
Understanding,  it  fitteth  better  the  Calling  of  an 
Ef quire."  6  This,  then,  rather  than  a  helmet  closed  and 
affronte,  is  the  form  of  helm  in  the  arms  of  Sogliardo. 
(See  Figure  18,  beyond.) 

From   behind   the  helmet   issues   the   Mantling,   a 

scarf  slashed  and  twisted   in   fantastic  scrolls.     As  the 

twisting  of  the  scarf  displays  both  sides  of 

the  material,  Legh   regularly  blazons  the 

mantle  as  of  one  tincture  "doubled"  with  another. 

The  disposition  of  the   crest,  wreath,  helmet,  and 
mantling,  appear  in  the  Achievement  of  a  Knight,  which 

I  reproduce  from  Legh  (Figure  14).     Legh 
Illustration:  ,  .  .  &. 

blazons  this  achievement  as  follows  : — 

Achievement  (<This  ^^  beareth  twQ  feueral  CQats 

of  a  Knight.  of  armes  quarterly  as  followeth.  The  firft. 
The  fielde  is  Geules ;  on  a  chiefe  Argent,  two  Mulletts 
Sable.  The  fecod,  barwaies  of  fixe  peeces,  Or  &  Azure, 
a  bende  Geules.  The  thirde  as  the  Second.  The 
fowerth  as  the  firft.  His  Creaft,  a  bore  paffant  Ermins, 
fette  on  a  wreathe  Argent  and  Geules,  Mantell,  Azure 
doubled  Or.  And  for  the  difference  of  a  fecond  brother 
of  that  houfe  from  whence  hee  is  difcended,  he  beareth 
the  Creffant."  ? 

The  Word,  or  Motto,  generally  appears  on  a  scroll 

beneath  the  shield  (Figures  14  and  15) ;  but  if  it  pertains 

,    to  the  crest,  its  place  is  there.     Thus  were 

The  Word, 

grouped  the  motto  "ich  dien  and  the  crest  of 
three  ostrich  feathers  which  according  to 
tradition,  Edward  the  Black  Prince  took  from  the  King 
of  Bohemia  on  the  field  of  Crecy.  (Figure  25).  To  this 
incident,  Jonson  refers  in  the  speech  of  Merlin  in  Prince 
Henry  s  Barriers.  8 

6  Ibid,  1679,  p.  308 ;  1724.  p.  441.    *  Legh,  Fol.  58  a.    8  Wks,  in,  67. 


Accessories  &  Achievements.  53 


FIGURE  14. 

THE  ACHIEVEMENT  OF  A  KNIGHT. 
FROM  LEGH'S  ACCEDENS  OF  ARMORY,  1576,  FOLIO  ;S  A. 


54  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

The  Supporters  of  a  coat  of  arms  are  two  figures 

placed  on  either  side  of  the  shield,  in   the   attitude   of 

upholding  or  defending  it.     (See  Frontispiece 

and    Figure    15.)      In   A    Talc   of  a    Tub,  in 

describing  the  coat  of  arms  upon  a  tabard,  Jonson  speaks 

of  "a  dragon   and  a  greyhound  for  the  supporters  of  the 

arms."  9     And  in  Part  of  King  James  s  Entertainment 

in   Passing  to   his    Coronation,   Jonson   mentions    "the 

entire  arms   of   the  kingdom,  with   garter,  crown,  and 

supporters,  cut  forth  as  fair  and  great  as  the  life."  I0 

As  an   illustration   of   Supporters,    I    have  referred 

above  to  Legh's  achievement  of  "Thomas  Lorde  Hawarde 

the  feconde  of  that   name,  Duke   of   Norfolke,"  which 

Illustration:       constitutes     my      Frontispiece.        Legh's 

blazon  of  this  achievement  runs  as  follows  : 

"The  Dukes  grace  of  Northfolke  bear- 

of  a  Duke.  eth    —    cotes    quarterly.       The    firfte,    the 

fielde  is  Geules,  on  a  Bende,  betweene  vi  croffelettes, 
botone  Fitche,  Argent,  an  efcocheon,  Or,  a  demilion, 
within  a  double  Treffure  counterfiowred,  of  the  firfte. 
This  is  borne  by  the  name  of  the  lorde  Haward.  The 
feconde  cote,  the  fielde  is  Geules,  three  Lyons  pallauntes, 
Or,  a  file  with  three  Lambeaux,  Argent,  borne  by  the 
name  of  the  Lord  Brotherton,  Earle  marfhall  of  Englande. 
The  thirde  cote,  is  Checkye,  Or,  and  Azure,  &  borne  by 
the  name  of  the  Earle  of  Warren.  The  fourth  cote,  the 
fielde  therof  is  Geules,  a  Lyon  Rampande,  Argent,  and 
is  borne  by  the  name  of  the  Lorde  Mowbrey.  All  within 
the  garter,  cotifed  of  two  Lyons,  Argent,  hys  creaft  a 
Lyon  paflaunt,  Or,  crowned  and  colored  wyth  a  Fyle, 
and  three  Lambeaux,  Argent,  fett  on  a  Chapeau,  Geules 
turned  vp  Ermyne,  Mantelled  Geules,  doubled  Ermins."  " 

*    A   Talc  of  a  Tub,  I.  Ill ;  Wks,  II,  445.    I0  Wks,  II,  562.    "  Legh,  Fol.  43  b. 


Accessories  &  Achievements.  55 

In  the  royal  achievement  and  in  the  arms  of  the 

knights  of  the  society  to  which  it  gives  its  name,  there 

appears  another  accessory,  the  Garter.    The 

The  Garter.      .4  .  ,  ,  .,  ,          „  .  ,       .L.       . 

Garter  is  a  blue  ribbon  "charged  with  the 
motto  'Honi  soit  qui  mal  y  pense,'  in  letters  of  gold, 
with  golden  borders,  buckle,  and  pendant."  "  In  an 
achievement,  it  is  arranged  in  a  circle  about  the  shield 
with  the  buckle  at  the  base,  as  in  the  Frontispiece  and  in 
Figure  15.  Also  among  the  insignia  of  this  Order  are 
two  others  mentioned  by  Jonson :  the  Collar,  and  the 
George.  The  latter  is  a  pendant  from  the  former,  and  is 
"a  figure  of  St.  George  on  his  charger,  in  the  act  of 
piercing  the  dragon  with  his  lance."  **  These  several  in- 
signia are  named  t>r  alluded  to  by  Jonson  in  two  of  his 
masques.  In  the  Masque  of  the  Metamorphosed  Gipsies, 
occur  the  lines : — 

But  be  wise  and  wary 

And  we  may  both  carry 

The  Kate  and  the  Mary 

And  all  the  bright  aery 

Away  to  the  quarry, 

The  George  and  the  Garter 

Into  our  own  quarter.  u 

And  in  the  Fortunate  Isles,  Johphiel,  pretending  to  endow 
Merefool  with  magic  power,  remarks  : — 

.  .  .     There's  your  Order, 
You  will  have  your  Collar  sent  you  ere't  be  long.  IS 

In  comparison  with  these  somewhat  unpoetical  references 
of  Jonson,  it  is  pleasant  to  recall  the  lines  of  Shakspere 
in  the  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  V,  V  : — 

About,  about ! 

Search  Windsor  Castle,  elves,  within  and  out.     .  .  . 
Each  fair  instalment,  coat,  and  several  crest, 
With  loyal  blazon,  ever  more  be  blest. 

12  B.  &  A.,  376.    «  Ibid,  378.    J*  Wks,  III,  144-5,  Note.    «  Wks.  in,  193. 


56  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

And  nightly,  meadow-fairies,  look  you  sing, 
1/ike  to  the  Garter's  compass,  in  a  ring. 
The  expressure  that  it  bears,  green  let  it  be, 
More  fertile-fresh  than  all  the  field  to  see  ; 
And  'Honi  soil  qui  mal  y  pense"  write 
In  emerald  tufts,  flowers  purple,  blue,  and  white  ; 
Like  sapphire,  pearl,  and  rich  embroidery 
Buckled  below  fair  knighthood's  bending  knee. 

As  a  final  illustration  of  achievements,  and  to  illus- 
trate also  the  term  Badge,  or  Cognizance,  which  I  must 
next  define,  I  here"  insert  one  more  plate  from  Legh,  the 
Achievement  of  a  Baron,  (Figure  15;.  Legh's  blazon  is 
as  follows  :  — 

"This  noble  knight  of  worthy  fame,  did  beare  twelue 

feuerall  cotes.     The  firft  wherof  is  Argent,  a  Feffe  danfe, 

Sable,  bv  the  name  of  Wefte.     The  fecond, 

Illustration  =       ~      ,        ^      ,   ,     ,  TT^U  T 

Geules,  cruiule  botone  rytche,  a  .Lvon  ram- 
Achievement    pande?  Argent}   by  -the  name  of   Lawarre. 


of  a  Baron.  f^  third  is  Azure,  three  Leopardes  heades, 
iefaint  Flowers  Or,  by  the  name  of  Cantelupe.  The 
fowerth,  Barwaies  of  vi  pieces.  Or,  and  Azure,  a  chiefe  of 
the  firfte,  three  pallets,  betwene  two  bafe  Efquiers  Dex- 
ter, and  Sinifler,  of  the  fecond,  an  Infcocheon  Ermine, 
by  the  name  of  Mortimer  of  Wigmore.  The  fifte  a  Ger- 
onee  of  xii  pieces,  Argent,  and  Geules,  within  a  bordure 
Sable  bezaunt,  by  the  name  of  Peuerell.  The  fixth, 
Geules,  mafculie  verray,  by  the  name  of  Tregofe.  The 
feuenth,  Argent,  three  Formales  Geules,  by  the  name  of 
Forte.  The  eyghte,  Geules,  three  Lions  rampaunde  Or, 
within  a  bordure  engrailed  Argent,  by  the  name  of  Fitz- 
perfe.  The  nynth,  Geules,  three  Sufflues  Or,  by  the 
name  of  Verft.  The  tenth,  Argent,  on  a  bende,  betwene 
two  bendelets,  Geules,  three  Mullets  Or,  perfed,  by  the 
name  of  Hakelet.  The  eleuenth,  Geules,  a  bend  and  two 
bendes  aboue,  Or,  by  the  name  of  Grifley.  The  twelueth, 


Accessories  &  Achievements. 


57 


//  — -uiu  -cr 


FIGURE  15. 

THE  ACHIEVEMENT  OF  A  BARON. 
FROM  LEGH;S  ACCEDENS  OF  ARMORY,  1576^  FOLIO  50  B. 


58  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Verte,  tenne  Efcaloppes,  Argent,  iiii,  iii,  ii,  and  i,  by  the 
name  of  Thorley.  All  within  the  Garter.  His  creaft,  a 
Griffons  head  Azure,  becked,  berded,  and  eared  within  a 
crowne  Or,  fet  on  a  Torce  Geules  and  Azure,  mantelled 
Azure  doubled  Ermyne,  fupported  with  a  Mantiger 
Argent,  gorged  erafed  Sable,  with  a  coller  Or,  and  a 
wyuerne  Or,  fcaled  Azure.  His  badge  was  a  Crampette 
Or,  geeuen  to  his  auncefters,  for  takynge  the  Frenche 
kyng  in  fielde.  Alfo  hys  cognifaunce  was  a  Rofe  parted 
in  pale  Argent  and-"Geules,  which  he  had  of  the  Mortimer 
aforefayd.  Thus  haue  I  blazed  this  noble  manes  Acheue- 
ment,  by  the  name  of  fir  Thomas  Weft,  baron  of  Grifley, 
lorde  Lawarre,  and  of  Cantelupe,  knight  of  the  mofte 
honorable  order  of  the  Garter."  l6 

A  Badge,  or  Cognizance,  a  device  mentioned  in  the 

foregoing  blazon  and  illustrated  in  the  accompanying  plate 

(Figure  1 5),  is  an  emblem    sometimes  iden- 

Badges,  or  t  y/>  .  . 

tical  with  the  crest  or  with  some  charge  in 
Cognizances.  ^  escutcheon,  but  as  often  unconnected 
with  either.  Its  usual  place  is  on  the  sleeve,  breast,  or 
back  of  the  wearer  ;  and  it  differs  from  a  coat  of  arms  in 
that  it  is  borne  not  alone  by  the  members  of  the  family 
but  by  their  entire  following. 

To  possess  dependants  who  should  display  their 
master's  badge  is  the  immediate  desire  of  several  of  Jon- 
son's  newly  rich.  Scarcely,  for  example,  have  Onion  and 
Juniper  discovered  the  pile  of  gold,  '?  before  they  raise 
the  question,  "What  badge  shall  we  give,  what  cullison?" 
And  the  same  thought  has  evidently  occurred  to  Sogli- 
ardo,  for  Carlo  says  of  him  :  "I  came  from  him  but  now  ; 
he  is  at  the  heralds'  office  yonder  ;  he  requested  me  to 
go  afore,  and  take  up  a  man  or  two  for  him  in  Paul's 
against  his  cognizance  was  ready."  lS 

16  Legh.  Fol.  50  b  -  51  b.    "  The  Case  Is  Altered,  IV.  IV  ;  Wks,  II,  544.    I8  E.  M. 
0.,III,I;  Wks,  I,  97. 


Accessories  &  Achieve  nents.  59 

More  interesting,  however,  is  Jo;ison's  frequent  men- 
tion in  his  masques,  of  the  badges  of  the  English  sover- 
eigns.    Among  these,     the  red   rose  of 

Royal  Badges.       Te  ,°,  '  rxr, 

Lancaster  and  the  wh  te  rose  of  York  are 
familiar.  Henry  VII,  first  of  the  Ti  dor  sovereigns,  gave 
as  one  of  his  badges  "a  rose  of  York  and  Lancaster,"  "> 
that  is,  the  "Tudor  rose  ;"  and  this  wis  among  the  badges 
borne  by  his  successors.  James  I,  who  united  in  his  per- 
son the  crowns  of  England  and  Scotland,  gave  as  his 
badges,  "a  thistle,"  and  "a  rose  and  tiistle  dimidiated  and 
crowned  ;"  and  these  badges  were  c  ontinued  in  use  by 
Charles  I.  20  Jonson  refers  to  all  of  these  badges.  For 
example,  in  Prince  Henry  s  Barriers,  January  i,  1610-11, 
Merlin  speaks  first  of  Henry  VII,  anc  then  of  James  I  : — 

Henry  but  joined  the  roses  that  ensigned 
Particular  families,  but  this  hath  ;oined 
The  Rose  and  Thistle.  21 

On  Twelfth-night,  1626,  when  the  riarriage  of  Charles 
with  Henrietta  Maria  of  France  \vas  yet  recent,  the 
masque  entitled  The  Fortunate  Isles  spoke  of 

.  .  .     the  prophecy  that  goes 
Of  joining  the  bright  Lily  and  the  Rose."  22 

In  1630,  the  masque,  Love's  Triumph  through  Callipolis, 
had,  as  one  of  its  stage  properties,  "a  palm-tree  with  an 
imperial  crown. on  the  top  ;  from  the  root  whereof,  lilies 
and  roses  twining  together,  and  embracing  the  stem, 
flourish  through  the  crown  ;"  and  this  was  explained 
by  Venus  in  the  following  lines  : — 

'9  B.  &  A.,  307.    *>  Ibid,  308.    "  Wks,  III,  69.    -2  Wks,  III.  198. 


60  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Beauty  and  Love,  whose  story  is  mysterial 
In  yonder  palm-tree  and  the  crown  imperial, 
Do,  from  the  Rose  and  Lily  so  delicious, 
Promise  a  shade  shall  ever  be  propitious 
To  both  the  Kingdoms.     .  .  .  23 

And  finally,  in  Loves  Welcome  at  Bolsover,  July  30,  1634, 

the  word  is  still : — 

t 

Hey  for  the  lily,  for,  and  the  blended  rose  !  2* 
»3  \vks,  in,  203.    2<  Wk*  III.  221. 


CHAPTER  VI. 
THE   HERALDS'  COLLEGE. 

THE  FOREGOING  CHAPTERS,  I  have 
written  of  heraldic  insigna  under  four  heads  :  the 
shield,  its  tinctures,  forms,  points,  and  partitions  ; 
the  charges  that  may  be  borne  upon  it ;  the 
marshalling  of  several  coats  within  one  shield;  and  the 
accessories  that,  grouped  about  the  shield,  unite  with 
it  to  make  up  a  complete  achievement.  I  now  purpose  to 
complete  Part  I .  with  a  chapter  upon  the  officers  of  arms, 
the  Heralds'  College.  In  England,  since  the  reign  of 
Edward  III,  '  the  heralds  have  possessed  exclusive  juris- 
diction over  the  bearing  of  coat-armour ;  and  since  the 
year  1483,  in  the  reign  of  Richard  III,  2  they  have  con- 
stituted a  corporate  body  known  as  the  Heralds'  College, 
or  College  of  Arms.  The  headship  of  the  College,  in 
Jonson's  day  as  now,  was  vested  in  the  Earl  Marshal ; 
but  from  the  death  of  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  in  1590, 
down  to  the  appointment  of  Thomas  Howard,  Earl  of 
Arundel  and  Surrey,  in  1622,  the  duties  of  the  earl- 
marshalship  were  performed,  save  for  two  brief  periods,  3 
by  commissioners. «  The  College  itself,  during  the  reigns 
of  Elizabeth,  James,  and  Charles,  =  consisted,  except  for 
an  occasional  herald  extraordinary  or  pursuivant  extraor- 

1  B.  &  A.,  343.  2  Thisis  the  date  given  by  Planch^,  p.  33,  and  by  all  other  author- 
ities I  have  consulted,  one  excepted.  This  one,  Boutell  &  Aveling,  p.  343, 
assigns  the  incorporation  to  "about  the  year  1425."  3  Robert  Devereux, 
Earl  of  Essex,  was  appointed  Earl  Marshal  in  1597;  executed,  1601.  Ed- 
ward Somerset,  Earl  of  Worcester,  acted  as  Earl  Marshal  at  the  corona- 
tion of  James  I.  See  Noble:  Hist,  of  Col.  of  Arms,  Appendix,  xxxix. 
*  Ibid,  xxxix.  s  Ibid,  158-253. 


62  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

dinary,  of  the  following  thirteen  members  :  three  kings  of 
arms  entitled  Garter,  Clarencieux,  and  Norroy,  of  whom 
Garter  was  the  chief ;  six  heralds,  namely,  Windsor, 
Richmond,  York,  Chester,  Somerset,  and  Lancaster ;  and 
four  pursuivants,  namely,  Rouge-Dragon,  Rouge-Croix, 
Portcullis,  and  Blue-mantle.  6 

"The  Herauldes  of  Englande,"  wrote  John  Dodridge, 
the  Solicitor  General,  in  August,  1600,  "have  beine  aun- 
cientlye  incorporated  by  the  Kings  of  this  Realme,  and 
reduced  in  Corpuf  Corporatum  &  Collegium,  as  namely 
among  others  in  the  fecond  yeare  of  Kinge  Richard  the 
thirde  ;  alfoe  by  King  Edward  the  fixt,  and  Queene 
Marye.  ...  By  the  Charter  of  King  Edward  the  fix, 
made  in  the  thirde  yeare  of  his  Raigne,  they  are  dif- 
chardged  and  made  free  of  all  Taxes,  Chardges,  and  Sub- 
fedies  graunted  by  Parliament.  .  .  . 

"They  are  devided  into  three  feverall  Companyes  ; 
into  Kings  whereof  there  be  now  three,  Garter,  Claren- 
cieux, and  Norrey  ;  (in  tymes  paft  there  have  bein  IIIIor 
Kings  ;)  Herauldes,  whereof  there  bee  now  fix,  Yorke, 
Richemonde,  Somerfett,  Lancaftre,  Cheftre,  and  Winde- 
fore ;  and  Purfevaunts,  whereof  there  nowe  bee  fower, 

Compare  Scott's  roster  of  the  Scottish  College  of  Arms,  in  Marmion  :  Canto 
IV,  vi,  vii : — 

Each  at  his  trump  a  banner  wore 
Which  Scotland's  royal  scutcheon  bore  : 
Heralds  and  pursuivants,  byname 
Bute,  Islay,  Marchmount,  Rothsay,  came 
Jn  painted  tabards,  proudly  showing 
Gules,  Argent,  Or,  and  Azure  glowing, 

Attendant  on  a  King-at-Arms. 
The  double  tressure  might  you  see 

First  by  Achaius  borne. 
The  thistle  and  the  fleur-de-lis 

And  gallant  unicorn. 
So  bright  the  king's  armorial  coat 
That  scarce  the  dazzled  eye  could  note 
In  living  colours  blazoned  brave 


The  Heralds'  College.  63 

Rougedragon,  Blewe-mantle,  Portcullis,  and  Rouge- 
croffe."  7 

In  this  list,  the  student  of  Jonson  will  recognize  the 
title  held,  from  1597  to  1623,  by  Jonson 's  friend  and 
master,  William  Camden,  Esquire,  alias  Clarencieux, 
Principall  Herald  and  King  of  Arms  of  the  East,  West, 
and  South  partes  of  England  from  the  River  Trent  south- 
ward. The  student  will  recognize  also  the  title  which 
may  have  suggested  that  of  Piedmantle,  the  foolish  pur- 
suivant of  The  Staple  of  News. 

The  duties  of  the  Heralds  of  Arms  in  Jonson's  day 
are  described  by  Dodridge  in  the  paper  from  which  we 
have  just  quoted,  1600,  and  also  by  Francis  Thynne, 
Lancaster  herald,  in  a  discourse  dated  1605.  The 
former  says  : — 

"The  office  and  ufe  of  our  Heraulds  may  bee  drawne 
into  theife  fowre  [Heades]: 

"Firft,  they  are  Mefiengers  by  the  Lawes  of  Armes, 
betweene  Potentates,  for  matter  of  Honnour  and  Armes. 

The  LION  which  his  title  gave  ; 
A  train  which  well  beseem'd  his  state 
But  all  unarm'd  around  him  wait. 
Still  is  thy  name  in  high  account 
And  still  thy  verse  hath  charms, 
Sir  David  Lindesay  of  the  Mount, 
LORD-LYON,  KING-AT-ARMS  ! 

?  From  "A  consideration  of  the  office  and  dutye  of  the  Herauldes  in  Eng- 
lande,  drawne  out  of  sundrye  observations.  By  John  Dodridge,  the  King's 
Solicitor  Generall.  at  the  instance  of  Hon.  E.  of  Northampton,  in  Aug. 
1600  :''  in  Hearne  :  Collection  of  Curious  Discourses,  1720,  p.  271. 
A  similar  list  of  the  officers  of  the  Heralds'  College  is  given  by  Francis  Thynne, 
Lancaster  herald,  in  1605  : — 

"In  the  third  Year  of  King  James,  thus  stands  the  state  of  the  Office  of 
Armes  :  Garter.  Clarentieux,  Norroy,  Kings  ;  besides  Ulster,  King  of  Ireland. 
Vorke,  Richmond,  Somerset.  Lancaster,  Chester,  Windsor,  Heralds.  Rouge- 
dragon.  Rougecrosse.  Blewmantle,  Portcullys,  Pursevants ;  and  one  other  Pur- 
sevant  extraordinary,  called  Portsmouth."  This  extract  is  from  "Bib.  Ashm. 
No.  835.  IV.  A  Discourse  of  the  Duty  and  Office  of  an  Herald  of  Arms,  written 
by  Francis  Thynne,  Lancaster  Herald,  third  day  of  March,  Anno  1605,  in  a  Letter 
to  a  Peer  :"  reprinted  by  Hearne  (see  above),  pp.  230-268,  and  also  in  "The  Second 
Part  of  Honour  Civil,"  appended  to  Guillim,  1724.  My  transcript  is  from  the 
latter,  page  40, 


64  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

"Secondly,  they  are  C&remoniarum  miniftri,  as  in 
the  Coronation  of  Kings  and  Oueenes,  in  the  Creation  of 
noble  dignetyes,  of  Honnor  in  the  Inftallations  of  the 
Honnorable  Knights,  of  orders  in  Tryumphes,  Jufts, 
Combatts,  Marriages,  Chriftnings,  Interrments  and  Fun- 
eralls,  and  to  attende  in  all  folempne  Affemblyes  of  State 
and  Honnour.  And  by  fome  of  them  ought  the  Procla- 
mations of  greate  matters  of  State  to  bee  promulged. 

'•Thirdly,  the  caufes  of  Chivallrye,  and  Gentilletye 
are  committed  to  their  care,  as  in  the  right  of  beareingof 
Armesin  Shieldes,  Efcutcheons.  Targetts,  Banners,  Pen- 
naunts,  Coates,  and  fuch  like  ;  Correction  of  Armes  in 
their  vifitations,  and  the  obl'ervation  of  Pedegrees,  and 
dif cents  of  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen. 

"Fourthlye.  they  are  the  Prothonotaries.  Griffyers, 
and  Regifters  of  all  Acts  and  proceedings  in  the  Courts  of 
the  Conftable  and  Marfhall  of  England,  or  by  fuche  as 
have  theire  Authoritye,  and  in  theire  Bookes,  and 
Recordes,  they  ought  to  preferve  to  perpetuall  memorye, 
all  facts  and  noteable  defignements  of  Honnour  and 
Armes."  s 

Francis  Thynne,  who  was  Lancaster  herald  from  1602 
to  1608,  and  whom  Camden  described  as  "an  excellent 
antiquary,  and  a  gentleman  painful  and  well-deserving  his 
office  whilst  he  lived,"  *  described  the  duties  of  the  kings 
of  arms  as  follows  : — 

"It  fhall  not  be  unpieafaunt,  I  hope,  unto  your  Lord- 
fhip,  to  know  what  the  authoritye  of  a  Kinge  of  Armes  is 
in  his  Province  ;  and  for  that  caufe,  I  have  here  fett  them 
downe. 

"Firft,  as  nigh  as  he  cann,  hee  fhall  take  knowledge, 
and  recorde  the  Armes,  Crefts,  and  Cognizaunces,  and 
auncient  wordes  ;  as  alfoe  of  the  Lyne  and  Defcent,  or 
Pedegree  of  every  Gentleman  within  his  Province  of  what 
eitate  or  degree  foever  he  bee. 

8  Dodridge:  A  consideration  uf  the  office  and  dutyt  of  the  Herauldcs  in  Englande, 
1600 ;  in  Hearne,  1720,  p.  270-71.    9  Noble,  213-14  ;  see  also  Dallaway,  224-5. 


The  Heralds'   College.  65 

"Item,  hee  mall  enter  into  all  Churches,  Chappells, 
Oratories,  Caftles,  Howies,  or  auncient  buildings,  to  take 
knowledge  of  their  Foundations  ;  and  of  the  noble  Eftates 
buryed  in  them  :  as  alfo  of  their  Amies,  and  Armes  of  the 
Places,  their  heades  and  auncient  Recordes. 

"Item,  hee  (hall  prohibite  any  Gentleman  to  beare  the 
Armes  of  any  other  or  fuch  as  be  not  true  Armorye,  and 
as  he  ought  according  to  the  Law  of  Armes. 

"He  mail  prohibite  any  Marchaunt,  or  any  other  to 
put  their  names,  markes,  or  devifes,  in  Efcuchions  or 
Sheildes  ;  which  belonge  and  only  appartayne  to  Gentle- 
men bearing  Armes,  and  to  none  other. 

"Item,  he  fhall  make  diligent  fearche,  if  any  beare 
Armes  without  authoritye  or  good  right  ;  and  finding  fuch, 
although  they  be  true  Blazon,  he  fhall  prohibite  them. 

"The  faid  King  of  Armes  in  his  Province  hath  full 
power  and  authoritye  by  the  King's  grante,  to  give  con- 
firmation to  all  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  ignorant  of 
their  Armes,  for  the  which  he  ought  to  have  the  Fee 
belonginge  thereto. 

"He  hath  authoritye  to  give  Armes  and  Crefts  to 
perfons  of  abilitye  deferving  well  of  the  Prince  and  com- 
monwealth, by  reafon  of  Office,  Authoritye,  Wifdome, 
Learninge,  good  Manners,  and  fober  Governmente.  They 
to  have  fuch  graunts  by  Patent  under  the  Scale  of  the 
Office  of  the  King  of  Armes,  and  to  pay  therefore  the 
Fees  accuftomed. 

"Item,  no  Gentleman,  or  other,  may  erect  or  fett  upp 
in  any  Church,  att  Funerals,  either  Banners,  Standards, 
Coates  of  Armes,  Helmes,  Crefts,  Swords,  or  any  other 
Hatchment,  without  the  licence  of  the  faid  Kinge  of 
Armes  of  the  Province,  or  by  allowance  or  permiffion  of 
his  Marfhall  or  Deputye.  Becaufe  the  Armes  of  the 
noble  eflate  deceafed,  the  day  of  his  death,  the  place  of 


66  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

his  buriall,  his  marriage  and  yffues,  ought  to  be  taken  and 
recorded  in  the  Office  of  that  King."10 

Of  the  duties  enumerated  by  John  Dodridge  and 
Francis  Thynne  in  the  selections  just  quoted,  three  are  of 
especial  interest  to  students  of  Jonson.  These  three  are 
the  conferring  of  arms,  the  recording  of  pedigrees,  and 
the  supervision  of  funerals.  These  duties,  we  will  now 
consider  in  the  order  named. 

By  the  ordinance  issued  by  the  Earl  Marshal,  Thomas 
Lord  Howard,  Duke  of  Norfolk,  in  1568,  the  three  kings 
of  arms  were  authorized  to  grant  coats  of  arms  and  to 
divide  among  them  the  not  inconsiderable  fees  that  thus 
accrued.  The  result  was  such  as  might  have  been  antic- 
ipated. In  an  era  of  prosperity,  such  as  that  upon  which 
England  was  then  entering,  there  must  have  been  many 
a  Sogliardo,  many  "an  essential  clown  ...  so  enam- 
oured of  the  name  of  gentleman,  that  he  will  have  it 
though  he  buys  it :"  "  and  there  were  certainly  heralds 
sufficiently  unscrupulous  to  grant  him  arms  in  return  for 
a  sufficient  fee. 

These  abuses  were  already  existent  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth.  If  Ralph  Brooke,  York  herald,  is  to  be 
believed,  Cook,  who  was  Clarencieux  from  1566-7  to  1592, 
granted  no  less  than  five  hundred  coats  of  arms  ;  and  Sir 
Gilbert  Dethick,  Garter  1549-84,  and  his  son  William 
Dethick,  Garter  1586-1603-4,  gave  more  than  that  num- 
ber. "  In  the  year  1600,  however,  when  Jonson  pub- 
lished his  Every  Man  Out  of  His  Humour,  this  abuse  did 
not  seem  serious.  The  mushroom  gentleman  Sogliardo 
was  a  fit  subject  for  mirth  ;  but  the  heralds,  provided 
they  assigned  him  fool's  motley  for  a  coat  and  "a  boar 

10  Thynne:  A  Discourse  of  the  Dutye  and  Office  of  an  Heraulde  of  Armes,  1605; 
in  Hearne,  1720,  p.  252-254.  »  E.  M.  O..  The  character  of  the  persons;  Wks. 
1,63.  "  Noble,  161. 


The  Heralds    College.  67 

without  a  head  rampant"  for  a  crest,  might  pass  scathe- 
less. Jonson  merely  saw  the  fun  and  drew  the  picture. 
In  the  reign  of  James,  however,  the  evil  grew  so  no- 
torious as  to  demand  correction.  On  one  occasion, 
Brooke,  the  York  herald,  sent  to  Sir  William  Segar,  Gar- 
ter, a  design  for  a  coat  of  arms,  with  a  request  that  it  be 
confirmed  to  one  Gregory  Brandon.  Garter,  without  in- 
vestigation, affixed  his  seal  and  signature,  and  took  the 
fee.  Brooke  thereupon  laid  the  matter  before  the  Com- 
missioners for  the  Earl  'Marshalship.  He  showed  that 
the  arms  confirmed  by  Garter  were  Arragon  with  a  canton 
of  Brabant  ;  and  that  Brandon,  to  whom  they  had  been 
granted,  was  the  common  hangman  of  London.  He  de- 
clared further  that  his  purpose  in  putting  this  trick  upon 
his  superior  was  to  convince  the  Commissioners  of  the 
unscrupulous  and  mercenary  character  of  Garter.  King 
James,  when  the  matter  was  brought  to  his  attention, 
was  highly  indignant.  The  affront  to  Spain,  the  negli- 
gence or  cupidity  of  the  king-at-arms,  and  the  malice  and 
treachery  of  the  accusing  herald,  alike  incensed  him.  He 
ordered  that  both  Garter  and  his  subordinate  be  im- 
prisoned in  the  Marshalsea.  I3  This  was  on  December 
1 7th,  1616.  The  abuse,  however,  continued.  Certain 
heralds  not  only  granted  armorial  bearings  to  applicants 
base  born,  but  even  granted  the  arms  of  certain  families 
to  others  in  no  wise  related  to  the  rightful  owners.  Real- 
izing that  sweeping  action  was  necessary,  King  James,  on 
February  7th,  1618-19,  appointed  a  commission  to  reform 
the  Heralds'  College.  '*  This  effort,  it  would  seem,  had 
some  success  ;  for  Peacham  writes  :  "Coats  fometimes 
are  by  ftealth  purchafed,  muffled  into  Records  and  Mon- 
uments by  Painters,  Glafiers,  Carvers,  and  fuch  :  But  I 
truft,  fo  good  an  order  hath  been  lately  eftablifhed  by  the 
Right  Honourable,  the  late  Commiffioners  for  the  office  of 

"3  Noble,  2-51 ;  Dallaway,  226-7-8,  note.   J*  Noble,  194. 


68  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

the  Earl  Marfhalfhip,  and  careful  refpect  of  the  Heralds 
with  us,  that  all  hope  of  finifter  dealing  in  that  kind  is 
quite  cut  off  from  fuch  mercenery  abufers  of  Nobility."  *s 

Equally  important  with  their  jurisdiction  over  the 
bearing  of  coat -armour  was  the  duty  of  the  heralds  to  re- 
cord the  pedigrees  of  all  persons  of  gentle  or  of  noble 
blood.  The  two  provincial  kings  of  arms,  Clarencieux 
and  Norroy,  were  supposed  to  make  official  "Visitations" 
at  convenient  intervals  to  each  county  within  their  re- 
spective provinces':  On  these  occasions,  the  king  at  arms 
or  his  deputy  summoned  all  the  gentlemen  of  the  county 
to  appear  before  him,  and  to  bring  their  arms  and  pedi- 
grees to  be  recorded.  He  also  made  a  record  of  all  armo- 
rial insigna  displayed  in  churches,  castles,  or  other 
buildings,  in  windows,  monuments,  or  otherwise,  and  cor- 
rected and  forbade  whatever  heraldic  abuses  might  there 
appear.  Many  records  of  the.  heraldic  visitations  of 
J onsen's  time  have  been  preserved,  and  in  recent  years 
have  been  edited  and  published.  Among  these  are  sev- 
eral nominally  by  William  Camden,  Clarencieux,  who, 
between  1612  and  1623,  made  by  deputy  nearly  a  score  of 
these  visitations.  l6 

From  the  records  gathered  on  these  visitations,  the 
heralds  were  accustomed  to  provide  gentlemen  so  desiring 
with  certified  genealogies.  Such  was  the  pedigree  which 
Piedmantle  prepared  for  the  Lady  Pecunia  in  The  Staple 
of  News,  described  by  Penny  boy  Junior  as  a  "scroll," 
"rarely  painted."  '?  Dallaway,  speaking  of  pedigrees 
made  in  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth  and  James,  writes  thus : — 

"Amongst  other  demonstrations  of  hereditary  hon- 
ours, which  the  nobility  and  gentry  were  at  this  aera  so 

11  Peacham:  The  Compleal  Gentleman,  1622.  My  transcript  is  from  the  edition 
of  1661,  p.  186.  16  Dallaway,  163-68,  note.  See  also,  Ellis :  Letters  of  Em- 
inent Literary  Men  ;  Camden  Society,  1843 ;  p.  127-28,  note.  I7  S.  of  N. 
IV,  I ;  Wks,  II,  321. 


The  Heralds    College.  69 

particularly  ambitious  to  obtain  or  preserve,  were  the 
pedigrees  of  their  families  drawn  out  upon  vellum  rolls, 
with  illuminations  and  emblazoned  escocheons  and 
authenticated  by  the  official  seal  and  signature  of  the 
king  of  arms  of  the  province.  From  this  fashion  very 
considerable  emoluments  accrued  to  the  heralds,  as  well 
from  the  labour  which  was  bestowed  in  finishing  them, 
as  the  frequent  employment  which  they  found."  l8 

To  the  foregoing  passage,  Dallaway  adds  this  note : — 
"There  are  few  families  of  high  provincial  antiquity 
and  establishment,  amongst  whose  archives  a  genealogical 
tree  is  not  preserved.  As  specimens  of  greater  curiosity 
these  may  be  enumerated.  One  in  the  library  of  Corpus 
Christi  college,  Oxford,  is  thus  specified  in  the  cata- 
logue : — 

"  'A  fair  parchment  roll,  in  length  15  yards,  in 
breadth  three,  lined  with  silk,  containing  the  pedigree 
of  the  Royal  Family,  and  the  several  branches  of  it,  from 
King  Alfred  to  Edward  the  sixth,  with  their  arms  drawn 
and  colored — the  attestation  is  thus  subscribed:  "This 
pedigree  was  travaled  and  set  furth  by  W.  Harvey,  es- 
quyor,  alias  Norroy  King  of  Arms  of  all  the  North  parts 
of  England  from  the  river  Trent  northward,  and  by  the 
King's  Minister's  commandment  perused,  corrected  and 
overseen  by  Sir  Gilbert  Dethyck,  knt.,  alias  Garter  Prin- 
cypal  King  of  Arms  of  the  south,  east,  and  west  partes 
of  this  realm  of  England  from  Trent  southward.  In 
wytness  whereof  the  sayd  have  hereunto  subscribed 
theyr  names  the  2d  day  of  June,  in  the  yere  of  the  reigne 
of  our  sovereigne  Lord  Edward  ths  syxte,  by  the  grace  of 
God  King  of  England,  France,  and  Ireland,  Defender  of 
the  Faith,  and  in  erthe  of  the  Church  of  England 
supreme  hed."  Names  and  seals  annexed.' 

"Lord  Denbigh,"  continues  Dallaway,  "has  a  collec- 
tion  of  rolls  of  arms  and   genealogy,   and  one  of  the 

i"  Dallaway,  265-6. 


7O  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Fieldings,  beginning  with  Egbert,  first  king  of  the 
heptarchy  ;  and  in  the  collection  of  the  late  Dr.  Plott  was 
the  genealogy  of  the  Dymokes,  kings'  champions,  from 
the  year  1141  'till  within  memory,  with  all  their  arms 
and  those  of  their  matches.  It  was  sometimes  usual  to 
bind  up  these  pedigrees  in  folio  volumes  of  parchment, 
in  which  the  descents  were  continued  from  one  page  to 
another.  Of  this  description  a  very  beautiful  specimen 
is  now  in  the  possession  of  John  Heathfield  Hicks,  M.  D., 
of  Gloucester,  of  the  family  of  Weston-Luzers  in 
Staffordshire,  authenticated  by  Segar,  Garter."  ^ 

Third  among  the  important  rights  and  duties  of  the 
heralds  was  their  jurisdiction  over  the  funerals  of  nobility 
and  gentry.  This  was  one  of  the  most  remunerative  and 
most  highly  cherished  privileges  of  the  College ;  yet  to 
recent  editors  of  Jonson,  its  very  existence  seems 
unknown.  Two  Yale  editors  have  lately  had  occasion  to 
comment  upon  the  passage,  "buried  with  the  trumpeters, 
.  .  .  the  heralds  of  arms,"  in  The  Staple  of  News,  Act  I, 
scene  II.  20  Neither  has  said  anything  to  the  point.  2I 
To  make  clear  this  passage,  the  last  "Item"  in  the 
Discourse  of  Francis  Thynne,  above  quoted,  is  perhaps 
sufficient .  Yet  I  shall  venture  to  amplify  his  statement 
by  means  of  an  extract  from  Dallaway  : — 

"  [  In  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  ]  heraldic  ceremonies 
.  .  .  still  retained  their  station  upon  occasions  of  ancient 
establishment.  More  particularly  were  they  observed  at 
solemn  interments  of  the  nobility ;  and  the  inferior  ranks 
of  society  were  equally  ambitious  of  funeral  pomp. 
Amongst  the  laws  of  chivalry,  of  those  indeed  which 
were  then  more  generally  inforced,  was  an  obligation  upon 
the  heir  of  persons  of  either  sex  intitled  to  coat-armour, 

'?  Dallaway.  265-6,  note.    20  S.of  A'.,  I,  II ;  Wks,  II,  288.    2I  Winter,  5.  o/.V.,  p. 
147:  and  Henry,  Epictzne,  p.  218. 


The  Heralds'  College.  71 

to  employ  one  herald  at  least  to  regulate  the  procession, 
by  duly  marshalling  the  attendants  and  performing 
certain  of  the  obsequies.  Upon  such  occasions,  it  was 
customary  to  take  a  certificate  of  the  titles  and  an 
account  of  the  immediate  descent  of  the  deceased,  with 
their  marriages  and  issue.  These  notices  were  afterward 
registered  in  the  College  of  Arms,  and  the  ceremonial 
frequently  inserted  by  way  of  precedent  for  others.  In 
the  compilation  of  pedigrees,  few  documents  have  been 
found  more  useful  than  funeral  certificates,  more 
especially  since  the  discontinuance  of  provincial  visita- 
tions. From  the  universal  fashion  of  magnificent  burials 
over  which  the  heralds  asserted  absolute  jurisdiction, 
arose  very  considerable  emoluments,  upon  which  account 
the  painter-stainers,  who  furnished  the  armorial  trophies, 
usurped  a  power  of  marshalling  escocheons,  very 
frequently  in  opposition  to  the  confirmed  usage,  and 
with  interference  with  those  of  other  families,  by 
omitting  the  due  marks  of  difference.  The  court  of 
chivalry  was  scarcely  of  sufficient  validity  to  protect  the 
rights  of  its  own  officers  from  these  infringements,  nor 
did  the  signal  punishment  of  some  delinquents  by  fine 
and  imprisonment  deter  others  from  similar  practices. 
For  so  generally  allowed  was  this  claim  of  the  heralds  to 
stated  fees  upon  these  occasions,  that  their  demand  was 
very  rarely  opposed,  but  when  their  attendance  was  not 
required  a  pecuniary  composition  was  made."  2Z 

Some  idea  of  the  number  of  persons  not  of  the 
nobility  who,  to  use  the  words  of  Pennyboy  Junior,  were 
"buried  with  the  trumpeters,"  may  be  gained  from  the 
following  official  record : — 

"Names  of  thofe  buried  with  heralds  from  October 
22,  1597,  to  the  I4th  of  May,  1605,  nobles  excepted,  which 
pertain  unto  Garter. 

22  Dallaway.  248-256. 


72  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

"1597     Five.  1600    Twenty  six.       1603     Six. 

"1598    Twenty  two.  1601     Eighteen.          1604    Twelve. 
"1599    Twenty.  1602    Twelve.  1605     Six."    23 

One  more  extract  from  the  records  will  suggest, 
perhaps,  why  Pennyboy  Junior  should  think  the  presence 
of  heralds  at  his  father's  funeral  ,to  be  "noise  that  is 
superfluous"  : — 

"Charges  of  the  funeral  of  Sir  George  Rogers,  Knt., 
1582  :- 

"To  Mr.  Clarencieulx,  Kinge  of 
Armes.  for  his  fee,  vi  £ 

"Item,  for  his  gowne,  cote,  and 
hood  of  blacke  clothe,  v  yeardes  at 
xx  s.  the  yeard,  iij  £  xv  s. 

"Item,  for  his  fervantis  lyvery,  xxiv  s. 

"Item,    for  his  tranfportation 
and  charges  from  London  to  Danington 
(county  of  Somerfet)  being  114  miles 
at  xii  pence  the  mile,  and  so  to 
London  again,  xi     £      viij  s. 

"Item,  to  Rouge  Dragon,  Officer 
of  Arms,  for  his  fee  iiij  £  vi  s.  viij  d. 

"Item,  for  his  blacke  cloth 
for  his  gowne,  &c.  iij    £         xv  s. 

"Item,  lyvery  for  his  fervante,  xxiv  s. 

"Item,  for  his  tranfportation 
and  charges  from  London  to  Danington, 
and  so  retorne,  at  viij  d.  the  myle,          vij     £        xii  s. 

"Item,  for  the  horfehyre  and 
charges  to  convey  the  healme,  creft, 
pall,  and  hatchment,  from  London,  &c.  xl  s. 

"Item,  in  confideration  of  the 
pall  of  30  yards  of  black  velvet,  and 
for  the  cloth  upon  the  hearfe,  and 
rayles,  timber,  and  ftool  clothes,     


"Total  received,        Iv     £     "  24 

23  R.  20.  MSS.  Coll.  of  Arms,  Folio,  "Funeral  Ceremonies."  Order  of  inter- 
ments, names  of  mourners,  &c.  p.  23;  quoted  by  Dallaway,  260,  note. 
2*  MSS.  Coll.  Arm. — 90,  p.  182 ;  quoted  by  Dallaway,  271-2. 


The  Heralds    College.  73 

The  more  we  study  these  and  other  records  of  the 
Heralds'  College,  the  more  do  Jonson's  references  to 
heralds  and  to  heraldry  become  significant.  To  almost 
every  one  of  the  duties  and  privileges  of  the  College, 
Jonson  somewhere  refers.  In  Every  Man  Out  of  His 
Humour,  he  laughs  at  the  granting  of  arms  to  the 
unworthy,  and  in  The  Staple  of  News,  at  the  fabrication 
of  pedigrees  "from  all  the  kings  and  queens  that  ever 
were."  In  the  same  play,  Jonson  voices  the  general 
protest  of  the  gentry  against  the  exorbitant  claims  of  the 
heralds  for  funeral  fees.  We  should  note,  however,  that 
Jonson  attacks  not  the  institution  of  Heraldry  but  its 
abuse,  and  that,  lest  any  should  mistake,  he  has  himself 
stated  his  position.  We  cannot  better  conclude  our 
present  chapter  and  our  study  of  the  heralds  and  heraldry 
of  Jonson's  day,  than  by  quoting  the  lines  of  Pennyboy 
Canter  in  The  Staple  of  News,  IV,  I,  in  which,  we  may 
feel  sure,  Jonson  himself  is  speaking : — 

If  thou  hadst  sought  out  good  and  virtuous  persons 
Of  these  professions,  I  had  loved  thee  and  them  : 
For  these  shall  never  have  that  plea  against  me 
Or  colour  of  advantage,  that  I  hate 
Their  callings,  but  their  manners  and  their  vices. 

Here  is  Piedmantle  ; 

'Cause  he's  an  ass,  do  not  I  love  a  herald, 

Who  is  the  pure  preserver  of  descents, 

The  keeper  fair  of  all  nobility, 

Without  which  all  would  run  into  confusion  ? 

Were  he  a  learned  herald,  I  would  tell  him 

He  can  give  arms  and  marks,  he  cannot  honour  ;      ... 

And  he  would  thank  me  for  this  truth.23 

2»  5.  of  N^  IV,  I;  Wks,  II,  323-4. 


PART  II. 

THE  HERALDIC  PASSAGES 

IN  JONSON'S  -PLAYS,  MASQUES 

AND  ENTERTAINMENTS. 


Although  the  Affe  be  flowe,  yet  is  he  fure. 
And  as  he  is  not  the  wifeft,  fo  is  he  leaft  fump- 
tuous,  efpecially  in  his  diet.  For  his  feeding 
is  on  Thiftles,  Nettles,  and  Briers,  &  therefore 
fmall  birdes  hate  him,  efpecially  the  fparowe 
is  mofte  enemye  vnto  him.  I  could  write 
muche  of  this  beaft,  but  that  it  woulde  be 
thought  it  were  to  mine  owne  glory. 

— Legh  :   The  Accedens  of  Armory,  1576. 
Folio  55  b. 


PART   II. 

NOTES   ON    THE    HERALDIC    PASSAGES   IN 

JONSON'S  PLAYS,  MASQUES,  AND 

ENTERTAINMENTS. 

tliE  ARRANGEMENT  of  these  Notes  is,  (i) 
the  Plays,  in  alphabetical  order;  (2)  the 
Masques  and  Entertainments,  in  the  order  in 
which  they  stand  in  the  three-volume  Gifford  Si 
Cunningham  edition  of  Jonson's  Works.  My  references 
are  regularly  to  act,  scene,  volume,  and  page  of  this 
edition,  indicated  by  the  abbreviation  "Wks."  The 
names  "Alden,"  "Henry,"  "Mallory,"  and  "Winter," 
refer  respectively  to  the  edition  of  Bartholomew  Fair 
edited  by  Dr.  C.  S.  Alden,  of  Epiccene  edited  by  Dr. 
Aurelia  Henry,  of  Tfie  Poetaster  edited  by  Dr.  H.  S. 
Mallory,  and  of  The  Staple  of  News  edited  by  Dr. 
De  Winter,  all  in  the  Yale  Studies  in  English. 


THE  ALCHEMIST. 
Requires  no  annotation. 

BARTHOLOMEW   FAIR. 

I,  I ;  Wks,  II,  153.     Alden,  p.  22,  line  10. 

Cross  and  pile. 

Pile  is  here  used  not  in  its  heraldic  sense,  but  to 
designate  "the  reverse  side  of  a  coin,  from  the  impression 
of  the  pillar  [pile]  on  which  it  was  stamped."  I  The 
phrase  means  "heads  and  tails." 

1  Standard  Dictionary. 


78  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

II,  I;  Wks,  II,  158-9.     Alden,  p.  32,  lines  16-17. 

They  made  me,  yea  me,  to  -mistake  an  honest  zealous 
pursuivant  for  a  seminary. 

Pursuivant.  It  should  be  remembered  that  other 
bodies  besides  the  College  of  Arms  had  pursuivants. 
Here  the  pursuivant  is  evidently  a  messenger  or  warrant- 
server  for  some  ecclesiastical  court,  sent  perhaps  to 
apprehend  the  seminar}-  (popish  priest)  for  whom  he  is 
mistaken.  See  Alden,  pp.  164-5. 

THE  CASE  IS  ALTERED. 

IV,  IV :  Wks,  II,  544. 

ONION.     .  .  .     /'//  turn  gentleman. 

JUNIPER.     So  will  I. 

ONI.     But  what  badge  shall  we  give,  what  cullisonf 

JUN.  As  for  that,  let's  use  the  infidelity  and  com- 
miseration of  some  harrot  of  arms,  he  shall  give  us  a 
gudgeon. 

ONI.  A  gudgeon!  a  scutthcon,  thou  wouldst  say, 
man. 

Badge,  cullison.  A  cognizance ;  a  device  worn  by  a 
servant  on  his  sleeve,  and  by  a  soldier  upon  breast  or 
back,  to  show  of  whom  he  is  a  follower.  The  roses  of 
York  and  Lancaster  were  badges,  cullisons.  See  p.  58. 

Give.  To  bear,  in  the  heraldic  sense  ;  to  display  or 
exhibit  heraldically,  of  right.  See  p.  13. 

Harrot  of  arms.     An  old  form  of  Herald-of-Arms. 

Scutcheon.  Escutcheon,  heraldic  shield  ;  the  central 
element  in  a  complete  achievement  of  arms  ;  here  used 
loosely,  perhaps,  to  stand  for  the  entire  achievement,  and 
so  to  include  the  badge,  as  in  the  "Achievement  of  a 
Baron,"  Figure  15. 


Catiline  His  Conspiracy.  79 

CATILINE   HIS   CONSPIRACY. 

II,  I ;  Wks,  II,  92. 

Cicero,     ...     a  mere  upstart, 
That  has  no  pedigree,  no  house,  no  coat, 
No  ensigns  of  a  family! 

Coat.  Coat  of  arms ;  heraldic  achievement.  See 
P-  13- 

CYNTHIA'S   REVELS. 

II,  I;  Wks,  I,  162. 

MERCURY.     Shall  we  go,  Cupid? 

CUPID.  Stay,  and  see  the  ladies  now:  they'll  come 
presently.  F II  help  to  paint  them. 

MER.  What,  lay  colour  upon  colour!  tJiat  affords 
but  an  ill  blazon. 

CUP.  Here  comes  metal  to  help  it,  the  Lady 
Argurion. 

Colour.  The  heraldic  tinctures  are  of  three  classes, 
the  metals,  the  colours,  and  the  furs.  The  colours  are 
azure,  gules,  sable,  vert,  purpure,  sanguine,  and  tenne. 
See  p.  15. 

Metal.  The  heraldic  metals  are  or  and  argent. 
See  p.  15. 

Blazon.  A  description  of  a  coat  of  arms,  phrased  in 
technical  heraldic  terms.  See  p.  16. 

Colour  upon  colour  .  .  .  affords  but  an  ill  blazon. 
A  metal  may  be  placed  upon  a  colour,  or  a  colour 
upon  a  metal,  or  either  upon  a  fur,  or  a  fur  upon  either  ; 
but  to  charge  a  field  of  any  tincture  with  a  bearing  of  a 
tincture  of  the  same  class,  i.  e.  a  metal  upon  a  metal,  a 
colour  upon  a  colour,  or  a  fur  upon  a  fur,  is  false 
heraldry.  See  p.  20. 


8o  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Ill,  III;  Wks,  I,  170. 

But  now,  put  the  case  she  should  be  passant  when 
you  enter,  as  thus :  you  are  to  frame  your  gait  thereafter, 
and  call  upon  her,  "lady,  nymph,  sweet  refuge,  star  of  our 
court."  Then,  if  she  be  guardant  here,  you  are  to  come 
on If  regardant,  then  maintain  your  station.  .  .  . 

Passant.  Walking  toward  the  dexter  side  of  the 
shield,  facing  toward  the  same  direction.  See  p.  33. 

Guardant.  As  above,  but  with  the  head  turned 
toward  the  spectator.  See  page  34. 

Regardant.  The  same,  but  with  the  head  turned 
back,  as  if  looking  over  the  shoulder  toward  the  sinister. 
Some  modern  manuals  of  heraldry,  e.  g.  Planche,  2  define 
regardant  as  synonymous  with  gardant,  full-faced ;  but  in 
Jonson's  day,  the  weight  of  authority  was  against  this. 
Legh.  Feme,  Bolton,  Guillim,  and  Carter,  either  in  their 
text  or  in  their  illustrations  distinguish  between  the  two 
positions.  I  reproduce,  Figure'  16,  Legh's  text  and 
illustrations  on  this  point.  Incidentally,  his  drawings 
will  illustrate  the  three  terms  used  by  Johnson  in  the 
passage  we  are  considering.  See  also,  p.  34. 

THE  DEVIL  IS  AN  ASS. 
Requires  no  annotation. 

EPICCENE,  OR  THE  SILENT  WOMAN. 

I,  I;  Wks,  I,  411.     Henry,  I,  IV,  36-45. 

LA-FoOLE.  They  all  come  out  of  our  house,  the 
La-Fooles  of  the  north,  the  La-Fooles  of  the  west,  the 
La-Fooles  of  the  east  and  south — we  are  as  ancient  a 
family  as  any  is  in  Europe — but  I  myself  am  descended 
lineally  of  the  French  La-Fooles — and  we  do  bear  for  our 
coat  yellow,  or  OR,  checkered  AZURE,  and  GULES,  and 

2  Planch*.  108,  202. 


of/irmorj 

The  fielde  is  Argent,  two 
Lions  paffant,  Geules.' 
V  Vhiche  is  fo  muchc  to.bc 
yndcrftandcd,  as  going/. 
For  fohee  keepetha«iodoi 
rate  pace. 


Hoc  bear  eth  Azure  ewoe 
Lyons  paffaunt  regardant, 
Or.  Although  thefeLy- 
ons  arc  contrarye  to  there 
qualiticjyet  is  ithonorablc 
to  the  bearer,of  them* 


The  fieldc  Geules  twoe  de- 

mie  Lyons  paflant,  gardat, 

Or. 

Some  haue  thought ,  that 

thefe  Lions  be  regardaunt, 

whereof  byr  proofe,  you  lee 

the  contrary^ 

He 


FIGURE  16. 

PASSANT,  GUARDANT,  AND  REGARDANT. 
FROM  LEGH'S  ACCEDENS  OF  ARMORY,  1576,  FOLIO  48  A. 


82  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

some  three  or  four  colours  more,  which  is  a  very  noted 
coat,  and  has  sometimes  been  solemnly  worn  by  divers 
nobility  of  our  house — but  let  that  go,  antiquity  is  not 
respected  now. 

Bear.  To  display  or  exhibit  heraldically,  of  right. 
See  p.  13. 

Coat.     Coat  of  arms ;  heraldic  achievement. 
Or.     The   heraldic  metal    Gold,   sometimes    repre- 
sented by  yellow.     See  p.  15. 

Checkered,  fchequy,  or  checquy ;  divided  into  small 
squares  of  alternate  tinctures,  as  in  a  chess  board.  See 
the  Frontispiece  and  Figure  18. 

Azure.     The  heraldic  colour  Blue.     See  p.  15. 
Gules.     The  Heraldic  colour  Red.     See  p.  15. 
And  some  three  or  four  colours  more.      The    other 
heraldic  colours  are  sable  (black),  vert  (green),  purpure 
(purple  or  violet),  tenne    (orange),  and  sanguine  (murrey 
or  blood-color).     See  p.  15. 

A  very  noted  coat.  Fool's  motley.  Cf .  the  more 
elaborate  motley  of  Sogliardo,  Every  Man  Out  of  His 
Humour,  III,  I ;  Wks.  I,  100.  See  also  Figure  18, 
beyond. 

Ill,  II ;  Wks,  I,  433.     Henry,  III,  VII,  41-42. 
CLERIMONT.      Would  that  this  had  lasted  a   little 
longer. 

TRUEWIT.  And  that  they  had  sent  for  the  heralds. 
Sent  for  the  heralds.  The  purpose  in  sending  for 
the  heralds,  it  would  seem,  would  be  to  settle  the  dispute 
between  Mistress  Otter  and  Mistress  Dol.  Mavis,  as  to 
which  should  take  precedence  in  going  in  to  dinner ;  but 
Dr.  Aurelia  Henry,  in  her  edition  of  this  play,  appears 
to  hold  that  the  purpose  was  to  increase  the  noise  made 
by  the  musicians  earlier  in  the  scene.  She  quotes,  from 
The  Staple  of  News,  I,  II,  the  passage  in  which  the 


Every  Man  In  His  Humour.  83 

trumpeting  of  the  heralds  is  called  "noise  that  is  super- 
fluous," and  then  remarks:  "The  heralds  at  arms  were 
originally  announcers  of  important  news  of  any  kind,  and 
called  the  attention  of  the  populace  to  themselves  by 
blowing  upon  their  horns."  3 

IV,  II;  Wks,  I,  448.     Henry,  IV,  V,  325-7. 

He  will  .  .  .  make  you  bear  a  blow  over  the  mouth 
GULES,  and  tweaks  by  the  nose  SANS  NOMBRE. 

That  this  passage  is  a  play  upon  the  heraldic  terms 
"bear,"  "gules,"  and  "sans  nombre,"  should  be  sufficiently 
evident.  Dr.  Henry,  however,  offers  for  this  passage 
the  following  delightful  gloss:  "Gules,  n.  gullet. 
4.5.326."  Of  course! 

Bear.  To  display  or  exhibit  heraldically,  of  right. 
See  p.  13. 

Gules.     The  heraldic  colour  Red.     See  p.  15. 

Sans  nombre.  Without  number,  unnumbered. 
Some  authorities,  e.g.  Bolton,  «  make  a  distinction 
between  "sans  nombre"  and  "semee,"  powdered,  sown. 
In  a  field  charged  with  fleurs-de-lis  sans  nombre,  each 
fleur-de-lis  would  be  entire ;  but  in  a  field  semee  of 
fleurs-de-lis,  as  in  the  ancient  arms  of  France,  s  the 
edges  of  the  field  would  be  bounded  by  half  lilies,  as  if 
some,  overlapping  the  edges,  had  been  partly  trimmed 
away.  This  distinction,  recognized  in  Jonson's  day, 
lends  additional  significance  to  Jonson's  choice  of  words 
in  the  phrase  "tweaks  by  the  nose  sans  nombre." 
Clearly,  none  of  the  tweaking  was  to  be  done  by  halves. 

EVERY  MAN  IN  HIS  HUMOUR. 

Dedication ;  Wks,  I,  1. 

To  the  most  learned,  and  my  honoured  friend,  Master 
Camden,  Clarcncieux. 

3  Henry  218.    *  Bolton:    Elements  of  Armory,  1610,  p.   176-197.    5    See   p.  31-32. 


84  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Clarencieux.  One  of  the  three  kings  of  arms,  and 
the  second  highest  officer  of  the  Heralds'  College.  He 
has  heraldic  jurisdiction  over  "the  east,  west,  and  south 
partes  of  England,  from  the  Rixrer  Trent  southward." 
See  p.  62. 

Master  Camden.  William  Camden,  Esq.,  (1551- 
1623)  was  appointed  to  the  Heralds'  College  in  1597. 
From  1575  to  1593  he  had  been  second  master  of 
Westminster  School ;  and  since  the  latter  date,  its  head- 
master. As  historian  and  antiquary,  he  had  won  deserved 
fame  by  the  publication  of  his  Britannia,  1586.  He 
possessed,  however,  no  special  fitness  for  the  post  of 
Clarencieux ;  and  this  fact,  together  with  the  circum- 
stances of  his  appointment,  aroused  the  immediate 
enmity  of  his  colleagues. 

Camden  entered  the  College  at  a  moment  of  high 
internal  dissention.  The  day.  of  his  appointment, 
October  22,  1597,  was  the  day  on  which  Elizabeth's  two 
commissioners,  Lord  Burleigh  and  Lord  Howard  of 
Effingham,  took  action  to  suppress  a  long-standing  and 
scandalous  dispute  between  two  factions  of  the  College.  6 
Indeed,  Camden's  appointment  seems  almost  like  the 
introduction  of  new  blood  as  a  measure  of  reform.  The 
time  of  his  admission,  therefore,  was  especially  unfortu- 
nate. He  was  the  more  unwelcome  to  his  new  colleagues 
because,  notwithstanding  his  vastly  superior  learning,  he 
was,  from  the  heraldic  point  of  view,  a  layman,  admittedly 
ignorant  of  the  lore  pertaining  to  his  office.  And  in 
addition  to  all  this,  they  were  indignant  that,  not  content 
with  admitting  him  to  a  lower  grade,  the  Commissioners 
immediately  advanced  Camden,  over  the  heads  of  heralds 
long  in  service,  to  the  office  next  to  the  highest  in  the 
college.  How  these  jealous  and  disappointed  heralds 

*  Noble,  160. 


Every  Man  In  His  Humour.  85 

viewed  this  swift  promotion  may  be  inferred  from  their 
protest  against  a  similar  appointment  proposed  a  few 
years  later :  "that  it  was  contrary  to  all  order  of  the 
office,  there  having  been  no  precedent  of  the  like  since 
their  first  incorporation,  and  a  great  wrong  and  disgrace 
to  them,  that  a  man  who  had  never  been  employed  in 
her  Majesty's  service  one  day  should  go  over  so  many 
that  had  spent  both  their  youth  and  wealth  in  her 
service."  ?  To  the  principle  here  implied,  that  a  king  of 
arms  must  first  have  been  a  herald,  the  Commissioners 
who  chose  Camden  as  Clarencieux  nominally  conformed ; 
for  they  appointed  him  Richmond  herald  before  they 
made  him  a  king  of  arms.  But  as  the  first  appointment 
was  made  on  October  22d,  and  the  second  on  October 
23d,  8  we  may  well  doubt  whether  the  indignation  of 
Camden's  new  subordinates  was  materially  decreased.  9 

Their  enmity  first  appeared  in  the  attack  which 
Ralph  Brooke,  or  Brookesmouth,  York  herald,  began 
upon  Camden  in  1599.  Desiring  to  show  Camden's 
unfitness  for  heraldic  employment,  Brooke  selected  for 
attack  certain  genealogies  appended  to  the  fourth  edition 
of  Camden's  Britannia,  1594;  and  concerning  these  he 
published  in  1599,  without  date,  A  Discoverie  of  ccrlaine 
Errours  published  in  print  in  the  much  commended 

7  This  protest  quoted  by  Noble,  page  236-7,  was  against  the  proposed  ap- 
pointment of  Richard  St.  George  to  the  post  of   Norroy  king  of  arms,    in  the 
closing  years  of  the  reign  of  queen  Elizabeth.    A  century  later,  the  protests  of 
the  heralds  in  a  similar  case  were  less  successful.    According  to  Dallaway,  page 
351,  "Sir  John  Vanbrugh  [the  architect  and  dramatist]  was  employed  by  Charles, 
Earl  of  Carlisle,  Deputy  Earl  Marshal,  to  build   Castle  Howard,  in  Yorkshire, 
and  received  as  a  compliment  for  his  services  the  office  of  Clarencieux  then 
vacant.    . . .    Notwithstanding  very  spirited  remonstrances,  by  the  superceded 
officers,  against  his  appointment,  he  was  confirmed  in  it,  avowing  ignorance  of 
his  new  profession  and  neglect  of  all    its  duties.    .  .  .    The  protest  and  remon- 
strance against  his  appointment  may  be  seen  in  Anstis's  Coll.  V.  4.  p.  270." 

8  Noble  182. 

9  The    statement   of    Sir    Nicolas    Harris    Nicholas,    in   his  Mrmoir  of 
Augustine  Vincent,  1827,  page  28,  that  Camden  was  appointed  "over  the  heads  of 
twelve  out  of  the  thirteen  persons  who  formed  the  College  of  Arms,"  is  incorrect. 
In  the  first  place,  since  Camden  was  appointed  not  to  the  first  but  to  the  second 


86  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Britannia,  1594,  very  prejudiciall  to  the  Discentes  and 
Successions  of  the  auncient  Nobilitie  of  this  Realme. 
Camden  replied  to  Brooke  in  the  fifth  edition  of  the 
Britannia,  1600 ;  and  both  men  pursued  the  quarrel  with 
much  bitterness  until  their  deaths.  Indeed,  their  quarrel 
was  not  ended  even  then;  for  a  century  later,  in  1723, 
Anstis  brought  out  a  previously  uppublished  work  by 
Brooke,  suppressed  in  their  life-time  by  Camden's 
influence,  and  in  1814,  Isaac  D'Israeli,  in  his  Quarrels  of 
Authors,  made  a>  further  plea  for' Brooke.  However 
unfortunate  for  its  authors,  the  Brooke-Camden  contro- 
versy had  one  good  result :  it  caused  a  thorough 
re-examination  of  much  important  geneological  data,  and 
left  the  records  of  the  principal  families  of  England  in 
accurate  form.  I0 

This  controversy  with  Brooke,  however,  was  not 
Camden's  only  quarrel  with  his  colleagues.  Recognizing 
his  own  lack  of  heraldic  training,  he  was  accustomed  to 

post  among  thirteen,  he  passed  over  the  heads  of  but  eleven,  not  twelve,  mem- 
bers. In  the  second  place,  as  three  offices  below  that  which  he  received  were 
vacant  at  that  time,  he  could  have  gone  over,  at  most,  but  eight  members  instead 
of  twelve.  The  four  offices  then  vacant  were,  first,  that  of  Clarencieux  king  of 
arms,  by  the  death  of  Lee,  September  23,  1597 ;  second,  that  of  Somerset  herald, 
by  the  promotion  of  Segar,  1593  ;  third,  that  of  Richmond  herald,  by  the  promo- 
tion of  Lee,  1594 ;  and  fourth,  that  of  Windsor  herald,  by  the  death  of  Nicholas 
Dethick,  1596.  The  three  surviving  heralds  were  presumably  candidates  for  the 
vacant  office  of  Clarencieux  ;  but  they  were  ignored  in  favor  of  Camden.  To  fill 
the  three  vacant  heraldships,  the  three  senior  pursuivants  were  promoted.  The 
three  pursuivantships  thus  opened,  were  filled  by  the  appointment  of  men  from 
without  the  College.  All  these  changes  were  made  October  22d  and  23d,  1597.  I 
have  gathered  these  facts  from  the  biographical  sketches  of  the  several  men  con- 
cerned, in  Noble,  pages  168-188. 
10  The  following  is  a  partial  bibliography  of  the  Brooke-Camden  controversy  :— 

Camden:  Britannia,  sive  flo> entissimontm  Regnorum  Angliae,  Scotiae, 
Hibrrniae,  ft  Insularum  adjacentium  ex  inlima  antiquitate  Chorographica 
Descriptio.  1586,  1587,  1500,  1594, 1600,  1607  ;  also  in  English,  1610, 1637,  etc.  With 
reference  to  the  controversy,  the  editions  of  1594  and  1600  are  most  important. 

Brooke  :  A  Discoverie  of  eertaine  Errours  published  in  print  in  the  much 
commended  Britannia,  1594,  very  prejudiciall  to  the  Discentes  and  Successions  of 
the  auncient  Nobilitie  of  this  Realme.  1599,  without  date  . 

Brooke:  A  Catalogue  and  Succession  of  the  Kings,  Princes,  Dukes,  Marqu- 
fw«,  Earles,  and  Viscounts  of  the  Realme  of  England  since  the  Norman  Conquest 


Every  Man  In  His  Humour.  87 

employ  minor  officers  of  the  College  as  his  deputies  in 
heraldic  Visitations.  In  1619,  certain  of  his  ill-wishers 
in  the  College  complained  to  the  Earl  of  Arundel,  (at 
that  time  one  of  the  Commissioners),  that  Camden's 
appointment  of  deputies  was  without  right.  On  this 
point,  Camden  was  able  to  show  legal  authority ;  "  but 
four  years  later  the  complaint  was  revived  in  a  new  form, 
objection  to  the  conduct  of  the  deputies  whom  Camden 
had  selected.  Camden  himself  seems  to  have  been  none 
too  certain  of  their  fidelity ;  for  in  a  letter  to  Sir  Robert 
Cotton,  he  expressed  the  fear  that  his  deputies  might 
defraud  him  of  his  fees.  He  wrote  : — 
Sr, 

With  much  griefe  I  understand  some  complaint 
have  lately  come  to  the  right  noble  Lord  the  Earl 
Marshall,  the  chiefe  guide  of  our  Office,  touching  some 
such  as  were  deput  for  mee  in  this  yeeres  Visitation.  I 
hope  his  Lordshipp  will  excuse  mee,  that  by  reason  of 

to  this  present  ytare  1619.     Together  with  their  Armes,    Wives,  and  Children,  the 

times  of  their  deaths  and  burials,  with  any  other  memorable  actions,  collected  by 
Raphe  Brooke,  Esquire,  Yorke  Herauld,  Discouering  and  Reforming  many  errors 
committed  by  men  of  other  Prof essions  and  lately  published  in  Print  to  the  great 
wronging  of  the  Nobility  and  prejudice  of  his  Majestie's  Officers  of  Armes  who  are 
onely  appointed  and  sworne  to  dealf  faithfully  in  these  causes. 

Brooke  :    The  same,  to  this  present  yeare  1622. 

Augustine  Vincent  :  Discoverie  of  Errours  in  the  first  edition  of  Catalogue 
of  Nobility  published  by  Ralfe  Brooke,  Yorke  Herald,  ...  at  the  end  whereof  is 
annexed  a  Review  of  a  later  edition  by  him  Stolne  into  the  World,  1621.  London 
1622. 

Brooke  and  Camden:  A  Discoverie  of  certaine  Errovrs  published  in  print 
in  the  much  commended  Britannia.  1594.  Very  prejudiciall  to  the  Discentes  and 
Successions  of  the  auncient  Nobilitie  of  this  Realme.  By  Ralphe  Brooke,  Yorke 
HcrauU  at  Armes.  Quam  qnisque  nortt  artem,  in  hoc  se  exerceat.  To  which  is 
added  (he  learned  Mr.  Camden's  Answer  to  this  Book.  London,  ...  M.  DCC. 
XXIII. 

Brooke:  A  Second  Discovery  of  Errors.  "Published  from  the  manuscript 
by  Anstis  in  1723."—  D.  N.  B. 

Isaac  D'Israeli  :  Quarrels  of  Authors  :  or  some  memoirs  of  our  literary 
history,  including  specimens  of  controversy  to  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  By  the  author 
of  "Calamities  of  Authors."  In  three  volumes .  Vol.  III.  ...  London.  ...  1814, 
"Camden  and  Brooke,"  pages  160-200. 

Nicholas:    Memoir  of  Augustine  Vincent,   Windsor  Herald.    By  Nicholas 
Harris  Nicholas,  Esq.  fellow  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries.    London.     . .  .    1827. 
11  See  letters  quoted  by  Noble,  204-5-6. 


88  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

my  infirmity  cannot  in  person  attend  that  service,  and 
the  election  of  Ministers  not  beinge  left  to  mee  but 
limited  to  those  of  the  Office,  I  am  constrayned  to  use 
noe  other.  If  they  be  not  so  fayre  in  their  cariages  as 
they  should,  it  is  not  myne  but  the  fault  of  them  that 
placed  them  in  their  roomes.  I  intreat  you  (as  the 
deerest  of  all  my  friends)  to  be  my  just  advocate  unto 
the  noble  person,  whose  birth  and  merrit  I  hold  ever 
sacred  to  me  above  all  others.  Anfl  since  I  perceave 
that -my  selfe  shall  have  but  hard  measure  from  them  in 
accoumpt  of  fees  due  to  mee,  and  my  infirmity  barreth 
mee  to  stirr  in^my  owne  right,  let  mee  pray  you,  with 
my  good  friend  and  yours  Sir  Henry  Boucher,  joyne  to 
take  the  accoumpts,  and  if  you  finde  any  bad  cariage  by 
them  to  me  or  the  Publick,  to  offer  up  my  humble 
complaynt  to  my  good  lord  the  Earle  Marshall,  and 
what  you  too  shall  therein  doe,  I  shall  accoumpt  by  my 
selfe  done.  And  will  ever  as  I  have  beene,  remayne 
Your  most  affectionate 

WilTm  Camden,  Clarencieux. 
Chiselherst. 

22th  October, 
1623.  " 

Two  months  before  Camden  died,  but  after  the 
shock  of  August  i8th,  which  was  the  beginning  of  the 
end,  a  Patent  dated  September  I7th,  1623,  designated 
Sir  Richard  St.  George  as  Clarencieux  in  Camden 's 
stead.  IJ  The  ceremony  of  creation  was  performed 
December  23d.  Camden  died  November  iQth,  1623. 
In  view  of  his  unfortunate  relations  with  his  colleagues, 
it  is  pleasing  to  note  in  his  will  the  f ollowing  bequests : — 

"Item,  to  every  one  of  the  fix  Herarlds  fower  pounds. 

"Item,  to  every  Purfivant  ordinarie  and  extraordin- 
arie,  two  pounds."  I4 

To  his  successor  in  the  office  of  Clarencieux,  he  left 
his  official  library.  '* 

12  Ellis :  Original  Letters  of  Eminent  Literary  Men,  126-27.  '*  To  this,  Cam- 
den refers  in  a  letter  of  October  23d.  '*  Hearne,  1720,  p.  278.  Hearne 
prints  the  will  entire,  pages  276-80.  '5  Ibid,  279. 


Every  Man  Out  of  His  Humour.  89 

I,  HI;  Wks,  I,  10-11. 

MATHEW.  Thy  lineage,  Monsieur  Cob!  what 
lineage?  what  lineage? 

COB.  Why,  sir,  an  ancient  lineage,  and  a  princely. 
Mine  ance'try  came  from  a  kings  belly,  no  worse  man  ; 
and  yet  no  man  neither,  by  your  worship's  leave,  I  did  lie 
in  that,  but  herring  the  king  of  fish,  (from  his  belly  I 
proceed,)  one  of  the  monarchs  of  the  world,  I  assure  you. 
The  first  red  herring  that  was  broiled  in  Adam  and 
Eves  kitchen,  do  I  fetch  my  pedigree  from,  by  the  harrofs 
book.  His  cob  was  my  great,  great,  mighty  great 
grandfather. 

Harrot.  Herald.  For  the  duties  of  the  heralds  in 
recording  pedigrees,  see  p.  64  and  68. 

EVERY  MAN  OUT  OF  HIS  HUMOUR. 

I,  I;  Wks,  I,  75. 

SOGLIARDO.  Nay,  my  humour  is  not  for  boys,  I'll 
keep  men,  an  I  keep  any ;  and  I'll  give  coats,  that's  my 
humour :  but  I  lack  a  cullisen. 

CARLO.  Why,  now  you.  ride  to  the  city  you  may  biiy 
one  ;  I'll  bring  you  where  you  shall  have  your  choice  for 
money. 

SOG.     Can  you,  sir? 

CAR.  O,  ay:  you  shall  have  one  take  measure  of 
you,  and  make  you  a  coat  of  arms  to  fit  yoii,  of  what 
fashion  you  will. 

SOG.  By  word  of  mouth,  I  thank  you,  signior:  I'll 
be  once  a  little  prodigal  in  a  humour,  i' faith,  and  have  a 
most  prodigious  coat. 

MACILENTE.       Torment    and   death!      .  .  .      these 

mushroom  gentlemen, 
That  shoot  up  in  a  night  to  place  and  worship. 


90  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Give  coats.     Here,  give  liveries. 

Cullisen.     Cullison,  cognizance,  badge.     See  p.  58. 

You  may  buy  one.  The  kings  of  arms,  who  were 
the  three  chief  officers  of  the  Heralds'  College,  had 
authority  to  grant  arms  and  crests  "to  perfons  of  abilitye 
deferving  well  of  the  Prince  and  commonwealth."  l6  In 
Jonson's  day,  however,  they  had1  sadly  abused  this 
privilege.  See  pp.  66-7. 

H,  I ;  Wks,  \  90. 

SOGLIARDO.  You  shall  have  me  at  the  heralds  office, 
sir,  for  some  week  or  so,  at  my  first  coming  up. 

The  Heralds'  Office.     See  next  passage. 

H,  II ;  Wks,  I,  95. 

FUNGOSO.  If  any  body  ask  for  mine  uncle  Sogliardo, 
they  shall  have  him  at  the  heralds'  office  yonder,  by 
Pauls. 

The  Heralds'  Office.  From  1555  to  1666,  the 
Heralds'  Office  was  Derby  House,  a  building  presented 
to  the  College  by  Philip  and  Mary.  This  building, 
erected  by  Thomas  Stanley,  the  second  earl  of  Derby  of 
that  name,  had  passed  by  mortgage  to  Sir  Richard 
Sackville,  and  from  him  by  sale  to  Thomas,  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  the  Earl  Marshal.  He,  says  Dallaway,  "trans- 
ferred it  to  the  crown,  and  it  was  regranted  by  charter  of 
Philip  and  Mary  to  Sir  Gilbert  Dethick,  Garter,  and  his 
associates  in  office,  July  18,  1555."  17  A  copy  of  this 
"Grant  by  Philip  and  Mary  of  Darby-Houfe  to  the  Ufe 
of  the  faid  Corporation,  for  their  Office"  is  included  in 
the  so-cailed  sixth  edition  of  Guillim. l8  As  Derby  House 
was  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral,  it  is,  undoubtedly,  the  building  referred  to  in 
this  passage  as  "yonder,  by  Paul's."  ^ 

16  Thynne  :  A  Discourse  of  the  Dutye  and  Office  of  an  Heraulde  of  Armes,  1605  ; 
in  Hearne,  1720,  p.  252-4.  17  Dallaway,  188-9.  "Guillim,  1724:  "The 
Second  Part  of  Honour  Civil",  57  et  seq.  '«  See  also,  Noble,  xlii.  Of 


Every  Man  Out  of  His   Humour.  91 

III,  I ;  Wks,  I,  96. 

CARLO.  I  came  from  him  but  now;  he  is  at  the 
heralds  office  yonder;  he  requested  me  to  go  afore,  and 
take  up  a  man  or  two  for  him  in  Paul 's,  against  his 
cognisance  was  ready. 

PUNTARVOLO.      What,  lias  he  purchased  arms,  then? 

CAR.  Ay,  and  rare  ones  too  ;  of  as  many  colours  as 
ever  you  saw  any  fool's  coat  in  your  life.  I'll  go  look 
among  yond  bills,  an  I  can  Jit  him  ivith  legs  to  his  arms. 

PUNT.      With  legs  to  his  arms  !     Good  ! 

The  heralds'  office.  See  the  note  on  the  previous 
passage. 

Cognizance.      Badge,  cullisen,  cullison ;  see  p.  58. 

Purchased.  Cf.  note  on  "You  may  buy  one,"  Act 
I,  sc.  I.  See  also,  p.  66. 

Arms.  A  complete  coat  of  arms,  or  heraldic 
achievement,  consists  regularly  of  the  escutcheon,  or 
shield,  with  the  crest  and  other  accessories  according  to 
the  rank  of  the  bearer.  See  Chapter  V.,  entire.  Among 
the  accessories  may  be  marshalled  the  badge,  or 
cognizance,  as  are  the  rose  and  the  crampette  in  the 
achievement  of  Sir  Thomas  West,  Baron  Grisley, 
Figure  15.  A  badge,  or  cognizance,  as  I  have  said 
before,  was  a  device  worn  by  all  the  followers  of  a  house  ; 
the  family  arms,  however,  might  be  borne  undifferenced 
only  by  the  head  of  the  house,  and,  with  differences, 
only  by  members  of  the  family.  Arms  and  cognizances, 
therefore,  must  not  be  confused. 

Colours.  Here  used  in  the  popular  sense,  not  in  the 
technical  sense  of  one  of  the  three  classes  of  heraldic 

the  destruction  and  rebuilding  of  Derby  House  in  1666,  Dallaway  says  : 
"In  the  general  conflagration  of  the  city  of  London,  Derby-House,  in  which 
the  heralds  resided,  was  destroyed,  and  the  present  commodious  structure 
was  erected  by  the  munificence  of  the  nobility,  assisted  by  the  members  of 
the  college,  particularly  by  Sir  William  Dugdale.  Ashmole  and  Sanford 
gave  copies  of  pedigrees  to  those  who  contributed  to  its  completion,  and  a 
large  sum  of  money  was  collected  in  pursuance  of  this  plan."— Dallaway,  289. 


92  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

tinctures.     See  the  blazon  of  this  coat,  below. 

Fool's  coat.  An  obvious  pun  upon  the  motley  of 
the  licensed  fool. 

Ill,  I;  Wks,  I,  100. 

SOGLIARDO.  By  this  parchment,  gentlemen,  I  have 
been  so  toiled  among  the  harrots  yondert  you  will  not 
believe !  they  do  speak  in  the  strangest  language,  and 
give  a  man  the  hardest  terms  for  his  money,  that  ever 
you  knew. 

CARLO.     Buf  have  you  arms,  have  you  arms  f 

SOG.  r faith,  I  thank  them ;  I  can  write  myself 
gentleman  now ;  heres  my  patent,  it  cost  me  thirty  pound, 
by  this  breath. 

PUNTARVOLO.  A  vety  fair  coat,  well  charged,  and 
full  of  armory. 

SOG.  Nay,  it  has  as  much  variety  of  colours  in  it 
as  you  }iave  seen  a  coat  have.  .  . 

Harrots.     H  eralds . 

Yonder.  "At  the  heralds'  office  yonder,  by  Paul's." 
See  p.  90. 

Gentleman.  A  man  entitled  to  coat-armour  ;  "arma 
gerens,"  in  the  words  of  Lord  Chief  Justice  Coke.  A 
man  above  the  rank  of  yeoman  and  below  that  of  esquire  ; 
or,  in  a  larger  sense,  any  man  above  the  rank  of  yeoman, 
including  not  only  the  gentry  and  the  nobility,  but  even 
the  king  himself. 

My  patent,  it  cost  me  thirty  pound.  The  king  of 
arms  in  his  province  "hath  authoritye  to  give  Armes  and 
Crefts  to  perfons  of  ability,  .  .  .  they  to  have  fuch 
graunts  by  Patent  under  the  Scale  of  the  Office  of  the 
King  of  Armes,  and  to  pay  therefore  the  Fees 
accuftomed."  20 

Charged.  Bearing  charges,  or  heraldic  devices. 
See  p.  26. 

20  Thynne's  Discourse,  quoted  more  fully  on  page  65. 


Every  Man  Out  of  His  Humour.  93 

Colours.  Here  again,  the  word  "Colours"  is  used  in 
the  non-heraldic  sense.  The  technical  equivalent  would 
be  "tinctures,"  including  the  three  classes,  "metals," 
"colours,"  and  "furs."  See  pp.  14-15. 

Ill,  I;  Wks,  I,  100.     (Passage  continued.) 

SOG.     How  like  you  the  crest,  sirf 

PUNT.     /  understand  it  not  well,  what  ist  ? 

SOG.  Marry,  sir,  it  is  your  boar  without  a  head, 
rampant.  A  boar  without  a  head,  that's  very  rare  ! 

CAR.  Ay,  and  rampant  too  !  troth,  I  commend  the 
herald's  wit,  he  has  decy p here d  him  well:  a  swine  with- 
out a  head,  without  brain,  wit,  anything  indeed,  ramping 
to  gentility. 

Crest.  That  heraldic  emblem  which,  in  a  complete 
coat  of  arms,  is  borne,  upon  a  wreath  or  coronet,  above 
the  helmet  which,  in  turn,  surmounts  the  shield.  See 
p.  50,  and  Figures  14,  15,  and  18. 

Boar.  In  heraldry,  one  of  the  common  charges, 
representing  the  wild  beast  of  that  name,  and  usually 
blazoned  as  passant,  i.  e.,  walking,  with  the  head  in 
profile,  as  in  the  crest  in  the  "Achievement  of  a  Knight," 
Fig-  14,  P-  53- 

Without  a  head.  Compare,  Webster,  The  Duchess 
of  Malfi,  IV,  II :  "You  do  give  for  your  creast  a  wood- 
cockes  head,  with  the  braines  pickt  out  on't ;  you  are  a 
very  ancient  gentleman." 

Ay,  and  rampant  too !  Rampant  means  standing 
upon  the  hind  legs,  as  the  lion  in  Figure  5,  p.  25.  See 
also  p.  53.  "And  here,"  says  Legh,  "you  mail  have  one 
rule,  you  mail  not  fet  forth  any  beaft  in  Armes,  to  do 
anything  againft  his  kind,  as  a  horfe  to  Rampe."  "  A 
swine,  .  .  .  ramping  to  gentility  ! 

21  Legh,  Fol.53b. 


94  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

HI,  I ;  Wks,  I,  100.     (Passage  continued.) 

CAR.     You  can  blazon  the  rest,  signior,  can  you  not ! 

SOG.  O,  ay,  I  have  it  in  writing  here  of  purpose  ;  it 
costs  me  two  shillings  the  tricking. 

CAR.     Lef's  hear,  lefs  hear. 

PUNT.  It  is  the  most  vile,  foolish,  absurd,  palpable, 
and  ridiculous  escutcheon  that  ever  this  eye  survised.  .  .  . 

SOG.  (reads.)  "Gyrony  of  eight  pieces,  azure  and 
gules  ;  between  three  plates,  a  chevron  engrailed  checquy, 
or,  vert,  and  ermtns  ;  on  a  chief  argent,  between  two 
ann'lets  sable,  a  boar's  head,  proper." 

CAR.     How's  that !  on  a  chief  argent  ? 

SOG.  (reads.)  "On  a  chief  argent,  a  boars  head, 
proper,  between  two  ann'lets  sable'' 

CAR.  '  Slud,  it's  a  hog's  cheek  and  puddings  in  a 
pewter  field,  this 

SOG.     How  like  you  them,  signior  f 

PUNT.  Let  the  word  be,  NOT  WITHOUT  MUSTARD  : 
your  crest  is  very  rare,  sir. 

CAR.     A  frying-pan  to  the  crest  had  had  no  fellow. 

Blazon.  To  describe  in  technical  heraldic  language, 
as  in  the  passage,  "Gyrony  of  eight  pieces,  ...  "  etc. ; 
popularly  confused  with  the  verb  to  emblazon,  meaning 
to  decorate  with  heraldic  figures  in  colours.  See  p.  16. 

The  tricking.  A  drawing  of  a  coat  of  arms  in  outline 
with  pen  and  ink,  with  the  tinctures  indicated  merely  by 
abbreviations,  as  in  Figure  17.  See  also  p.  19. 

Escutcheon.  The  shield,  which  constitutes  the 
principal  element  in  a  complete  coat  of  arms,  and  around 
which  are  marshalled  the  helm,  crest,  mantlings, 
supporters,  motto,  and  so  forth. 

Gyrony  of  eight  pieces.  A  field  divided  into  eight 
triangles  meeting  at  the  center,  and  alternating  in 
tincture  as  specified.  See  p.  24,  and  the  ninth  shield  in 
Figure  4. 


Every  Man  Out  of  His  Humour 


95 


FIGURE  17. 

TRICKING  OF  THE  ARMS  OF  SOGLIARDO. 
ARMS:  GVRONY  OK  EIGHT  PIECES,  AZURE  AND  GULES;  BETWEEN  THREE 

PLATES,     A     CHEVRON     ENGRAILED     CHECQUY,    OR,      VERT,    AND 

ERMINS  ;  ON  A  CHIEF  ARGENT,   BETWEEN    TWO  ANN'LETS 

SABLE.  A   BOAR'S   HEAD   PROPER.      CREST:     A 

BOAR   WITHOUT  A   HEAD,    RAMPANT. 

— Every  Man  Out  of  ffis  Humour,  III,  I. 


96  Heralds   &   Heraldry. 

Azure.     The  heraldic  colour  Blue.     See  p.  15. 

Gules.     The  heraldic  colour  Red.     See  p.  15. 

Plates.  Roundels  argent ;  circular-shaped  charges, 
of  silver.  See  p.  34. 

Chevron.  One  of  the  nine  Honourable  Ordinaries, 
shaped  like  an  inverted  letter  "V."  See  p.  28,  and  the 
seventh  shield  in  Figure  6.  Peadham  says  that  the 
Chevron  represents  "the  rafter  of  an  houfe.  Howbeit  it 
be  a  very  honorable  bearing,  yet  it  is  never  feene  in  the 
coate  of  a  King  or  Prince  becauf e  it  pertaineth  to  a 
Mechanicall  profeffion."  " 

Engrailed.  Bounded  by  lines  composed  of  a  succes- 
sion of  concave  curves. 

Checquy.  Divided  into  small  squares  of  alternate 
tinctures,  as  in  a  chess-board.  Compare  the  arms  of 
La-Foole,  p.  80 ;  and  see  the  Frontispiece  and  Figure  18. 

Or.     The  heraldic  metal  Gold.     See  p.  15. 

Vert.     The  heraldic  colour  Green.  See  p.  15. 

Ermins.  The  heraldic  fur,  black  with  white  spots  ; 
as  distinguished  from  Ermine,  white  fur  with  black 
spots,  and  from  Erminois,  black  fur  with  gold  spots. 
See  p.  15. 

Chief.  One  of  the  nine  Honourable  Ordinaries, 
consisting  of  the  upper  third  of  the  field.  See  p.  27  and 
the  second  shield  in  Figure  6.  According  to  Peacham, 
"The  Chief  e  is  fo  called  of  the  French  word  Chief  e,  and 
that  from  the  Greek  KttjtaXr),  which  is  the  head  or  upper 
part."  2s  Perhaps,  then,  Jonson  would  imply  that, 
though  Sogliardo  is  not  literally  headless,  yet  his  head 
contains  nothing  better  than  hog's  cheek  and  puddings 
served  in  pewter. 

12  Peacham:  The  Gentleman's  Exercise,  1634,  p.  146.  23  Peacham:  The  Corn- 
pleat  Gentleman,  p.  436.  Peacham's  Greek  is  open  to  amendment,  but  I 
have  let  it  stand. 


Every  Man  Out  of  His  Humour. 


97 


FIGURE  18. 

THE  ARMS  OF  SOGLIARDO. 
ARMS:  GYRONY  OF  EIGHT  PIECES,  AZURE  AND  GULES  ;  BETWEEN  THREE 

PLATES,    A     CHEVRON       ENGRAILED     CHECQUY,    OR,     VERT,    AND 

ERMINS  ;  ON  A  CHIEF  ARGENT,  BETWEEN  TWO  ANN'LBTS 

SABLE,     A     BOAR'S     HEAB     PROPER.       CREST:     A 

BOAR     WITHOUT     A     HEAD,     RAMPANT. 

— Every  Man  Out  of  His  Humour,  III,  I, 


98  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Argent.     The  heraldic  metal  Silver.     See  p.  15. 

Armlets.  Annulets,  rings  ;  sometimes  blazoned  as 
"false  roundels."  See  p.  30. 

Sable.     The  heraldic  colour  Black.     Seep.  15. 

Proper.     In  its  natural  colors.     See  p.  18. 

The  word.  The  motto,  usually  placed  in  a  scroll 
below  the  shield.  See  p.  52. 

Summary :  The  Arms  of  Sogliardo.     See  Figure  18. 

In  Sogliardo^  Jonson  drew  "an. essential  clown,  .  .  . 
so  enamoured  of  the  name  of  a  gentleman  that  he  will 
have  it  though  he  buys  it."  »«  The  heralds  took  measure 
of  him,  and  made  him  a  coat  of  arms  to  fit.  Had  they 
given  him  for  a  crest  a  boar  passant,  such  as  that  in  the 
"Achievement  of  a  Knight,"  Figure  14,  their  selection 
would  have  had  no  special  meaning.  But  when  they 
gave  him  a  boar  without  a  head,  ay,  and  rampant  too, — 
a  position  highly  improper  for  a  boar,  whether  hi  heraldry 
or  in  society, — then  immediately  they  made  the  crest 
significant.  That  Jonson  intended  the  boar's  head  and 
annulets  on  a  chief  argent  to  be  interpreted  as  "hog's 
cheek  and  puddings  in  a  pewter  field,"  appears  from 
Carlo's  comment.  Less  evident  is  the  possible  signifi- 
cance of  their  position  ;  yet,  in  view  of  the  derivation  of 
the  term  "chief"  cited  above,  Jonson  may  well  have 
purposed  some  satiric  implication  as  to  the  content  of 
Sogliardo 's  head.  As  for  the  rest  of  this  escutcheon, 
the  gyrony  of  eight  pieces  charged  with  three  plates  and 
a  chevron  checquy,  is  but  an  elaborate  motley  "of  as 
many  colours  as  ever  you  saw  any  fool's  coat  in  your 
life."  Lest  the  student  should  fail  to  visualize  this 
medley,  I  present,  as  Figure  18,  a  drawing  of  the  arms. 
The  whole  passage  is  a  satire  upon  the  granting  of  arms 
to  the  unworthy, — "these  mushroom  gentlemen,  that 
shoot  up  in  a  night  to  place  and  worship." 

««  E.  M.  O.,  "The  Character  of  the  Persons  ;"  Wks,  I,  63. 


The  New  Inn.  99 

THE  MAGNETIC  LADY. 

Requires   no   annotation. 

MORTIMER,  THE  FALL  OF. 
Requires   no  annotation. 

THE  NEW  INN. 

II,  II;  Wks,  II,  354. 

They  relish  not  the  gravity  of  an  host 
Who  should  be  king  at  arms,  and  ceremonies, 
In  his  own  house. 

King  at  arms.  An  heraldic  officer  of  the  highest 
grade.  In  Jonson's  day,  as  now,  the  three  kings  of  arms 
in  the  Heralds'  College  were  entitled  Garter,  Clarencieux, 
and  Norroy.  Their  duties  as  C&remoniarum  miniftri 
are  enumerated  in  my  quotation  from  Dodridge,  page  64. 
The  other  heraldic  passages  in  this  play  require  no 
annotation.  For  the  sake  of  completeness,  however,  I 
have  included  them  in  my  Heraldic  Concordance, 
beyond. 

THE  POETASTER. 

I,  I;  Wks,  I,  212. 

They  [  the  actors  ]  forget  they  are  in  the  statute,  the 
rascals;  they  arc  blazoned  there ;  there  they  are  tricked, 
they  and  their  pedigrees ;  they  need  no  other  heralds,  I 
wiss. 

Blazoned.  Described  in  heraldic  language.  See  p. 
16.  Dr.  H.  S.  Mallory,  in  his  edition  of  the  Poetaster, 
p.  149,  corrects  Gifford's  note  that  "To  blazon  is  to  set 
forth  a  coat  of  arms  in  its  proper  colours." 

Tricked.     Drawn  in  outline.     See  p.  19. 

II,  I;  Wks,  I,  218. 

CRISPINUS.  Yet,  I  pray  you,  vouchsafe  the  sight  of 
my  arms,  mistress  ;  for  I  bear  them  about  me  to  have 


loo  Heralds   &   Heraldry. 

them  seen.  My  name  is  CRISPINUS,  or  CRI-SPINAS 
indeed ;  which  is  well  expressed  in  my  arms:  a  face 
crying  in  chief ;  and  beneath  it  a  bloody  toe,  between  three 
thorns  pungent. 

In  chief.  Within  the  upper  third  of  the  shield ;  but 
not — as  in  the  arms  of  Sogliardo — on  a  chief.  See  p.  23. 

Pungent.  "Pungent  is  to  be  taken  literally :  pierc- 
ing. It  is  an  imitation  of  such  common  heraldic  words 
as  'rampant'  and  'couchant'." — Mallory,  162. 

The  relation  of  the  arms  of  Crispinus  to  the  arms  or 
name  of  the  poet  Marston  has  called  forth  so  much 
discussion  that  I  can  do  justice  to  it  only  by  quotation. 

Mr.  F.  G.  Fleay  accounts  the  bloody  toe  a  pun  upon 
the  name  of  Marston.  "Marston  as  well  as  Crispinus  is 
here  indicated.  Mars  is  red  or  bloody  (compare  Mars 
ochre}  and  toen  is  toes  :  together  forming  Marston."  2* 

Dr.  B.  Nicholson  thinks  the  arms  of  Crispinus  a 
caricature  of  the  arms  of  Marston.  "Of  all  whom  Jonson 
attacked  in  his  Poetaster,  Marston  was  the  only  one  of 
gentle  blood.  Partly  therefore  the  better  to  mark  him 
out,  partly  because  Marston  seems  to  have  been  fond  of 
parading  it,  and  partly  perhaps  because  Jonson  would 
exhibit  him  as  a  sorry  specimen  of  his  class,  his  gentility 
is  brought  forward,  frequently,  prominently,  and  distinct- 
ively. On  the  occasion  in  question,  Crispinus,  having 
asserted  it,  says  : — 

"  'You  shall  see  mine  arms  if't  please  you,  .  .  . 
mistress,  for  I  bear  them  about  me,  to  have  'em  seen  : 
my  name  is  Crispinus,  or  Cri-spinas  indeed  ;  which  is 
well  exprest  in  my  arms, — a  face  crying,  in  chief ;  and 
beneath  it,  a  bloody  toe  between  three  thorns  pungent.' 

"Now  this  latter  part  is  merely  a  grotesque  descrip- 
tion of  the  true  arms  of  Marston — a  fesse  ermine  between 

«  Fleay:  Shakespeare  Manual,  1878,  p.  312. 


The  Poetaster.  101 

three  fleurs-de-lis  argent.  As,  however,  it  would  have 
been  too  perilous  in  those  days  of  old  gentility  to  ridicule 
too  closely  or  markedly  an  honoured  heraldic  device, 
Jonson,  with  viciously  spiteful  malice,  added  in  chief  'a 
face  crying'  and  in  so  doing  managed  to  mark  out  his 
opponent  more  distinctively.  It  may  have  been  sug- 
gested to  him  by  the  long  melancholy  face  of  the  grey- 
hound which  is,  I  believe,  the  Marston  Crest ;  but  it 
was  an  addition  which  became  as  it  were  a  new  and  per- 
sonal grant  to  the  holder  in  recognition  of  his  glorious 
achievement,  in  that  he,  the  upholder  of  the  honour  of  an 
old  coat,  had  taken,  like  Decker,  a  public  beating.  ...  "26 

The  Rev.  Alexander  B.  Grosart,  in  his  edition  of  the 
poems  of  Marston,  declines  to  accept  Dr.  Nicholson's  in- 
genius  explanation.  He  quotes  a  letter  from  Dr. 
Nicholson  in  support  of  the  theory  that  "the  fesse 
dancettee  and  three  fleurs-de-lis  in  Marston 's  arms  gave 
rise  to  Jonson's  conceit  and  parody  'a  bloody  toe  between 
three  thorns'/'  and  then  he  promptly  dismisses  the  whole 
argument  with  the  two  words  "I  doubt."  2? 

Dr.  H.  S.  Mallory,  in  his  recent  edition  of  the  play, 
states  his  own  opinion  thus :  "Dr.  Nicholson's  conjec- 
ture that  the  Marston  arms  did  really  suggest  to  Jonson 
his  'canting  coat'  for  Crispinus,  is,  considering  Jonson's 
love  of  accuracy  in  details  and  his  fondness  for  pun  and 
allegory,  quite  reasonable — far  more  so  than  Fleay's 
guess.  But  it  is  likely  that  the  possession  of  a  basis  in 
fact  was  sufficient  for  Jonson,  and  that  he  was  careless 
whether  more  than  a  few  wits  in  the  audience  even  so 
much  as  imagined  the  possibility  of  an  explanation."  28 

As  for  my  own  opinion  on  this  matter,  I  hold  Dr. 
Nicholson's  explanation  to  be  improbable  ;  Mr.  Fleay's 

26  Notes  and  Queries:  4th  Ser.,  VII,  469.  27  The  Poems  of  John  Marston  .  .  .  ed- 
ited ...  by  the  Rev.  Alexander  B,  Grosart.  ...  fg??.  Introduction, 
p.  v.  2S  Mallory,  162. 


IO2  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

possible ;  and  a  still  simpler  explanation  to  be  more 
reasonable  than  either.  The  first  question  is,  has  it  been 
proved  that  the  poet  and  dramatist  John  Marston  was 
entitled  to  the  arms  described  by  Dr.  Nicholson  ?  Dr. 
Nicholson  not  only  fails  to  cite  his  authorities,  but  is 
somewhat  indefinite  in  his  blazon,  especially  as  to  the 
crest.  The  dramatist,  we  know,  wa£  the  eldest  son  of 
John  Marston,  Esq.,  who  was  the  third  son  of  Ralph 
Marston  of  Hey  ton,  in  Shropshire.  Burke  in  his  Ency- 
clopedia of  Heraldry,  assigns  to  Marston  of  "Eastcot 
and  Heyton,  co.  Salop,"  (  i.  e.  Shropshire),  the  arms: 
"Sa.,  a  fesse  dancettee  erm.,  betw.  three  fleurs-de-lis  ar.; 
Crest — A  demi-greyhound  sa.,  gorged  with  a  collar 
dancettee  erm."  Is  this  the  coat  that  Dr.  Nicholson 
means  ?  With  him  rests  the  responsibility  of  definition. 
Has  the  identity  of  the  families  been  proved  beyond  dis- 
pute ?  The  burden  of  proof  rests  with  Dr.  Nicholson. 

But  aside  from  the  identity  of  the  families,  a  second 
question  arises  :  Do  these  arms,  either  as  blazoned  by 
Burke  or  as  loosely  described  by  Dr.  Nicholson,  really 
resemble  "a  face  crying  in  chief,  and  beneath  it  a  bloody 
toe,  between  three  thorns  pungent"?  If  Dr.  Nicholson 
has  discovered  a  Marston  crest  that  is  literally  the  "long 
melancholy  face  of  a  greyhound,"  then  a  portion  of  his 
comparison  will  hold  good;  but  a  "demi-greyhound"  is 
not  a  greyhound's  face,  and  moreover  even  the  face  of  the 
demi-greyhound  would  appear  only  in  profile.  And  in 
what  does  "Sable,  a  fesse  dancettee  ermine  between 
three  fleurs-de-lis  argent"  resemble  a  bloody  toe  between 
three  thorns  pungent  ?  Nowise  in  the  tinctures ;  nowise 
in  the  form.  Solely  in  the  number  and  position  of  the 
charges,  a  similarity  common  to  many  hundred  coats. 
Taken  in  its  entiety,  the  arms  of  Crispinus  have  slight 
resemblance  to  the  arms  of  Marston.  (  Figure  19). 


The  Poetaster.  103 

More  probable,  in  my  opinion,  is  the  explanation  of 
Mr.  Fleay.  Mars  is  one  of  the  heraldic  terms  for  Gules, 
red,  (See  p.  17)  ;  and  if  Jonson  or  any  member  of  his 
audience  started  out  to  pun  upon  the  name  of  Marston, 
he  might  well  enough  arrive  at  Mars-ton,  Mars-toen, 
Red-toe,  Bloody-toe.  If,  as  Dr.  Mallory  suggests,  Jonson 
was  careless  whether  more  than  a  few  wits  in  the 
audience  should  suspect  the  pun,  then  we  may  accept 
this  explanation  of  Mr.  Fleay's  as  possible.  The  pun  is, 
at  all  events,  perceptible ;  the  resemblance  between 
Crispinas"  arms  and  Marston's  is  not. 


FIGURE  19. 
ALLEGED  ARMS  OF  THE  POET  MARSTON. 

Given,  an  audience  expecting  a  satire  upon  Marston  ; 
construct  arms  and  a  name  to  fit  the  character.  If  this 
was  Jonson 's  problem,  his  solution,  in  my  opinion,  may 
have  been  as  follows  :  The  name  of  Marston  may  have 
suggested  the  bloody  toe,  and  that,  in  turn,  the  thorns 
pungent.  Marston's  public  whipping  may,  with  greater 
probability,  have  suggested  the  crying  face.  These 


IO4  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

arms  once  determined,  the  name  follows.  The  thorns 
and  the  crying  face  would  suggest  Cri-spinas,  and  thence, 
Crispinus. 

But  are  we  certain  that  Jonson's  satire  ran  so  deep  ? 
May  he  not  have  chosen  the  name  Crispinus  at  random, 
and  then  have  designed  a  "canting"  coat  to  fit  ? 

V,  I ;  Wks,  I,  253. 

Does  not  Casar  give  the  eagle  ? 

Give.     Bear,  as  an  heraldic  device.     See  p.  13. 

Eagle.     See  p.  31. 

To  interpret  Caesar's  eagle  as  an  heraldic  bearing  is 
quite  in  accord  with  the  popular  authorities  of  Jonson's 
day.  Modern  investigators  are  content  to  ascribe  the 
origin  of  heraldry  to  the  period  of  the  crusades ;  but  my 
authority  Gerard  Legh  insists  that  the  "lawes"  of 
"armorye  .  .  .  were  before  the  fiege  of  Trove,  as 
appeareth  in  Deuteronomion.  ...  It  muft  bee  very 
auncient.  For  fielde  and  f eight  cannot  bee  continued 
without  lawe,  victorye  alone  being  the  lawemaker,  who 
was  900  yeres  before  the  fiege  of  Troye.  .  .  .  Thaye 
were  warriours,  and  therefore  saye  I,  bearers  of  armes."  2g 
In  further  proof  of  this  statement,  Legh  then  blazons 
with  care  the  arms  of  the  Nine  Worthies,  Josua,  Hector, 
David,  Alexander,  Judas  Machabeus,  Julius  Cesar.  King 
Arthure,  Charlemayne,  and  Syr  Gwy,  Earle  of  Warwicke. 
"The  fixte,"  he  says,  "was  Julius  Cefar,  who  bare  Or,  an 
Eagle  dif played  with  ii  heddes  Sable."  ^ 

THE  SAD  SHEPHERD. 

Requires   no  annotation. 

SEJANUS,  HIS  FALL. 
Requires   no   annotation. 

*»  Legh,  Fol.  21  b.    J-  Legh,  Fol.  22  b  -  23 a. 


The  Staple  of  News.  105 

THE  SILENT  WOMAN. 
See  :    Epicoene,  or  The  Silent  Woman. 

THE  STAPLE  OF  NEWS. 

Dramatis  Personae;  Wks,  II,  278. 

Piedmantle,  pursuivant  at  arms  and  heraldet. 

Pursuivant  at  arms.  One  of  the  four  members  of 
the  third,  or  lowest,  grade  in  the  Heralds'  College. 
See  p.  62. 

Piedmantle.  In  this  character,  Jonson  satirizes  the 
unworthy  element  in  the  Heralds'  College, — not  "their 
callings,  but  their  manners  and  their  vices."  *'  The 
name  "Piedmantle"  was  obviously  suggested  by  "Blue- 
mantle,"  the  title  borne  by  one  of  the  four  pursuivants 
of  arms.  That  it  was  intended,  however,  as  a  personal 
attack  on  Samson  Lennard,  the  Blue-mantle  pursuivant 
of  that  day,  does  not  follow. 

I,  II;  Wks,  II,  287-8.     Winter,  I,  VI,  1-13. 

PICKLOCK.      How    does    the    heir,    bright    Master 

Penny  boy  ? 

Is  he  awake  yet  in  his  one  and  twenty  ? — 
Why,  this  is  better  far  than  to  wear  cypress, 
Dull  smutting  gloves,  or  melancholy  blacks, 
And  have  a  pair  of  twelvepenny  broad  ribands, 
Laid  out  like  labels. 

PENNYBOY,  JUN.     I  should  have  made  shift, 
To  have  laughed  as  heartily  in  my  mourner  s  hood, 
As  in  this  suit,  if  it  fiad  pleased  my  father 
To  have  been  buried  with  the  trttmpeters. 

PICK.     The  heralds  of  arms,  you  mean. 

P.  JUN.     I  mean 
All  noise  that  is  superfluous  ! 

PICK.     All  that  idle  pomp 
And  vanity  of  a  tombstone,  your  wise  father 
Did  by  his  will  prevent. 

3'  S.  of  N.,  IV,  I;  Wks,  H,  324. 


IO6  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Labels.  That  the  word  "labels"  is  here  used  in  its 
heraldic  sense,  as  defined  page  32,  is  possible,  but  not 
inevitable.  The  word  was  applied,  at  this  period,  to  the 
ribbons  pendant  from  various  parts  of  the  dress  or  from 
a  legal  document.  Still,  in  view  of  Jonson's  immediate 
mention  of  the  heralds,  four  lines  below,  it  is  just  possible 
that  he  was  thinking  of  the  heraldic  label.  Whoever 
prefers  an  heraldic  interpretation  may,  if  he  likes, 
advance  this  argument :  the  label,  in  heraldry,  is  the 
difference  of  the  eldest  son,  (See  p.  35)  ;  and  Picklock, 
in  addressing  Pennyboy,  has  in  mind  this  mark  of 
cadency,  which  Pennyboy,  having  just  succeeded  his 
father  late  deceased,  is  now  privileged  to  remove  from 
his  escutcheon. 

Buried  with  the  trumpeters.  The  technical  phrase, 
as  in  the  record  quoted  on  page  71,  is  "buried  with 
heralds." 

To  superintend  the  burial  of  nobility  and  gentry,  to 
marshal  the  "hatchment"  of  the  deceased,  to  act  as 
master  of  ceremonies  at  his  funeral,  and  to  record  at  the 
Heralds'  Office  his  name,  titles,  descent,  marriage,  and 
issue,  was  one  of  the  most  important  duties  of  the 
officers  of  arms.  For  these  services,  their  fees  and  their 
incidental  perquisites  were  large,  and  their  monopoly 
was  jealously  guarded.  No  wonder  that  Pennyboy  and 
others  began  to  think  that  to  be  buried  with  heralds  was 
"noise  that  is  superfluous"  ! 

In  Chapter  VI,  I  have  quoted  contemporary  docu- 
ments to  show  the  duties  of  the  heralds  on  these  occa- 
sions, the  frequency  of  their  services,  and  the  high  fees 
which  they  exacted.  I  shall  here  present  merely  an 
extract  from  Noble's  History  of  the  College  of  Arms  to 
show  why,  in  this  play,  written  between  1621  and  1626,  3I 

32  See  discussion  of  the  date,  Winter,  xviii-xx. 


The  Staple  of  News.  107 

an  attack  upon  heraldic  funerals  would  seem,  to  Jonson's 
audience,  especially  timely  and  agreeable : — 

"By  an  order  of  the  Commissioners  for  executing  the 
office  of  Earl  Marshal,  made  in  the  year  1618,  a  regula- 
tion was  made  respecting  the  fees  appointed  to  be  paid 
by  all  degrees  to  the  officers  at  arms,  for  registering 
their  funeral  certificates  ;  and  the  prices  for  all  funeral 
work  were  settled.  .  .  .  The  splendor  which  had  been 
so  great  at  funerals  began  to  subside :  the  expense  was 
burdensome  to  the  relatives.  The  custom  of  burying  the 
dead  late  in  the  evening  succeeded  it :  alarmed  at  the 
consequences,  the  kings,  heralds,  and  pursuivants  pre- 
sented a  petition  to  Dr.  Abbot,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
requesting  that  a  stop  might  be  put  to  the  practice, 
especially  among  the  higher  orders.  .  .  .  We  have  at 
least  one  instance  where  the  heralds  obtained  satisfaction 
for  a  funeral  being  marshalled  and  ordered  without  their 
knowledge  or  approbation  ;  for  on  January  19,  1618-19, 
Lewis  Conquest,  the  younger  son  of Conquest,  ex- 
ecutor of  his  will,  and  his  eldest  brother,  were  brought 
before  the  delegates  for  the  office  of  the  Earl  Marshal, 
because  they  had  set  forth  their  father's  funeral  without 
consulting  the  heralds  and  had  placed  the  arms  of  the 
defunct  in  the  church  ;  for  which  the  delegates,  after 
centuring,  ordered  them  to  pay  ;£io  to  the  College,  re- 
pay the  journey  of  York  herald, 33  and  give  Clarencieux," 
in  whose  province  the  funeral  had  been  solemnized,  £2."3S 

For  a  further  discussion  of  heraldic  funerals,  see 
pages  65-6  and  pages  70-72.  For  a  full  description  of  an 
heraldic  funeral,  see  the  ceremonial  used  when  Edward, 
Earl  of  Derby,  was  interred  in  1574,  from  Anstis's  Col- 
lections ;  Dallaway,  249  et  seq.  Dr.  Winter's  only 
comment  on  this  passage  is  in  the  following : 

33  Ralph  Brooke.    *«  William  Camden.    «  Noble,  191-92. 


108  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

peters.  Apparently,  when  a  man  of  rank  was  buried  with 
ceremony,  trumpeters  were  always  a  part  of  the  proces- 
sion. This  passage  is  the  only  evidence  I  have  found  on 
this  point,  however.''^6 

II,  I ;  Wks,  II,  292.     Winter,  II,  II,  20-22. 

PIEDMANTLE.  Sir,  an  apprentice 
In  armory.  I  have  read  the  Elements, 
And  Accidence,  and  all  the  leading  books. 

Armory.  Heraldry  ;  or  more  exactly,  that  division 
of  the  science  of  Heraldry  that  deals  with  the  blazoning 
and  marshalling  of  arms.  *~ 

The  Elements.  This  book  is  anonymous ;  but  its 
dedication  is  signed  with  the  initials  "E.  B.,"  and  it 
seems  to  have  been  ascribed  without  question  to  Edmond 
Bolton.  Camden,  for  example,  refers  in  his  Remains  to 
"Edmond  Bolton  who  learnedly  and  judicioufly  hath 
difcovered  the  firft  Elements  of  Armory."  ^  Its  title 
page  reads.  The  Elements  of  Armories.  Quern  Dixere 
Chaos.  At  London,  Printed  by  George  Eld.  1610. 

The  Accidence.  The  title  page  of  this  book  is  an 
elaborate  "viniet,"  enclosing  the  words:  The  Accedens  of 
Armory.  The  preface  is  signed  by  "Gerard  Legh,"  and 
the  author  refers  to  himself  by  that  name.  In  the  edition 
that  I  have  used,  the  book  ends  with  the  words : 
Imprynted  at  London  in  fietejlrrete  within  temple  Barre 
at  the  figne  of  the  hand  &ftarrc,  by  Richard  Tottel,  Anno 
1576.  The  dates  of  the  several  editions  are :  1 562,  1 568, 
1572,  1576,  1591,  1597,  and  1612.  39 

Dr.  Winter,  in  his  note  upon  this  passage,  first 
quotes  the  description  of  these  two  books  from  the 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography,  and  then  adds : 

3-  Winter.  147.  37  "Armory  is  an  Art  rightly  prescribing  the  true  Knowledge 
and  Use  of  Arms.  ...  This  Skill  of  Armory  consists  in  Blazoning  and 
Marshalling." — Guillim,  1679,  p.  8;  1724,  p.  I.  38  Camden:  Remains  Con- 
cerning Britain.  1674;  Reprint  of  1870,  p.  248.  &  D.  N.  B.,  xxxii,  420. 


The  Staple  of  News.  109 

"Probably  Jonson  mentions  these  two  works  not  because 
they  were  the  prime  authorities  but  because  of  the 
obscurity  of  the  one  and  the  discursiveness  of  the  other." 
Dr.  Winter  may  be  correct  in  his  opinion  that  Jonson  is 
here  poking  fun  at  Legh  and  Bolton ;  but  I  question 
whether  many  in  his  audience  would  deem  these  authors 
fit  subjects  for  a  jest.  Legh  and  Bolton  were  taken  very 
seriously  in  Jonson 's  day.  Legh's  Accedens  was,  most 
emphatically,  a  "prime  authority."  I  have  yet  to  find  a 
work  on  heraldry  written  in  this  period  that  does  not  cite 
Legh  frequently  and  with  respect.  As  for  Bolton's 
Elements,  Sir  William  Segar,  Garter  king  of  arms,  the 
ranking  officer  of  the  Heralds'  College,  called  this  book, 
under  date  of  April  I4th,  1610,  "abfolutely  the  beft  of 
any  in  that  kind  ;"  and  Camden  wrote,  June  nth,  1609, 
"I  affure  you,  .  .  .  you  haue  with  that  Judicious  learn- 
ing &  infight  handled  Armorie,  the  fubiect  of  my 
profeffion,  that  I  cannot  but  approue  it,  as  both  learnedly 
and  diligently  difcouered."  These  quotations,  to  be  sure, 
are  from  letters  to  the  author  prefixed  to  the  book  in 
question ;  but  that  Camden,  at  least,  expressed  his  real 
opinion,  is  evident  from  the  passage  that  I  quoted  above 
from  his  Remains.  And  as  for  Jonson,  would  he  have 
poked  fun  at  the  friend  who  had  contributed  compli- 
mentary verses  in  Latin  for  his  Volpone,  1605  ? 

II,  I ;  Wks,  II,  292.     Winter,  II,  II,  39-41. 

BROKER.     .  .  .     Sir,  you  may  see 
How  for  your  love  and  this  so  pure  complexion 
(A  perfect  sangtiine)  I  have  ventured  thus. 

Sanguine.  On  this  passage,  Dr.  Winter  remarks : — 
"Broker  refers  to  Pyedmantle's  gown.  Probably,  as  the 
specific  this  suggests,  he  touches  the  garment.  The 
tincture  vert  is  indicated  by  diagonal  lines  crossing  the 
field  or  surface  of  the  escutcheon,  from  dexter  chief  to 


no 


Heralds  &  Heraldry. 


sinister  base,  and  the  tincture  purpnre  by  diagonal  lines 
from  sinister  chief  to  dexter  base  ;  the  combination  of  the 
two  indicates  the  tincture  murrey  or  sanguine,  once  used 
occasionally,  but  now  discarded  in  most  countries. 
Piedmantle's  gown  is  variegated  in  green  and  purple 
squares  to  represent  the  tincture  sanguine.  Hence  also 
his  name.  Probably,  too,  there  is  a  personal  reference. 
Perhaps  some  prominent  herald  of  the  day  was  of  a 
sanguine  complexion."  4° 

This  note  of  T)r.  Winter's  is  such  midsummer  mad- 
ness that  I  scarcely  know  what  to  say  of  it.  In  the  first 
place,  what  of  his  logic  ?  His  premise  is  correct ;  it  is 
true  that,  in  modern  usage,  dexter  diagonal  lines  indicate 
vert,  or  green,  that  sinister  diagonal  lines  indicate 
purpure,  or  purple,  and  that  a  combination  of  the  two 


FIGURE  20. 

MODERN  DEVICE  FOR  REPRESENTING  VERT, 
AND  SANGUINE. 


PURPURE, 


indicates  sanguine,  or  murrey.  See  Figure  20.  But 
what  then  ?  Because  the  symbol  for  vert  plus  the  symbol 
for  purpure  results  in  the  symbol  for  sanguine,  does  it 
follow  that  the  colour  vert  plus  the  colour  purpure 
(arranged  in  alternate  squares)  will  result  in  the  colour 
sanguine?  The  falacy  is  evident. 

«°  Winter,  156. 


The  Staple  of  News.  1 1 1 

In  the  second  place,  Dr.  Winter  assumes  that  these 
devices,  which  he  first  shows  to  be  the  symbols  of 
colours,  themselves  possess  colour;  that  is,  that  by 
combining  these  sets  of  diagonal  lines  he  can  produce 
"green  and  purple  squares."  The  fact  is,  of  course,  that 
this  modern  device  of  representing  tinctures  by  means 
of  lines  and  dots,  as  in  Figure  20,  above,  and  in  my 
drawing  of  the  Arms  of  Sogliardo,  Figure  18,  is  merely  a 
substitute  for  the  earlier  form  of  tricking  described  in 
Chapter  II,  (page  19),  the  device,  namely,  of  indicating 
the  tinctures  in  a  drawing  by  means  of  abbreviations  as 
in  Figure  17.  Such  devices  are  intended  for  use  in 
outline  drawings,  in  pen-and-ink  sketches,  in  engravings, 
and  in  other  designs  permitting  the  use  of  only  black  and 
white.  If  then,  this  combination  of  diagonal  lines  was 
used  on  Piedmantle's  gown  "to  represent  the  tincture 
sanguine,"  it  would  result  not  in  "green  and  purple 
squares,"  but  merely  in  intersecting  black  lines.  In 
short,  Dr.  Winter's  assumption  is  contrary  to  fact. 

Third,  what  does  Dr.  Winter  mean  in  saying  that 
his  green  and  purple  squares  "represent"  the  tincture 
sanguine  ?  Does  he  mean  that  the  tincture  sanguine  is 
itself  a  patchwork  of  green  and  purple  ?  If  he  does,  he 
is  mistaken  ;  for  sanguine  is  not  "pied,"  but  is  a  plain, 
solid  colour,  dull  blood-red,  or  brown.  Or  does  he  mean 
that  the  device,  or  symbol,  of  the  tincture  sanguine  is 
identical  with  this  patchwork  of  green  and  purple  ?  If 
he  does,  he  is  equally  mistaken  ;  for  what  he  has  con- 
ceived, squares  formed  by  intersecting  oblique  lines  and 
colored  alternately  green  and  purple,  (  compare  Figure 
21  ),  has  in  heraldry  a  very  different  name,  to  wit,  "Loz- 
engy  vert  and  purpure."  By  neither  interpretation,  then, 
can  Dr.  Winter's  green  and  purple  squares  "represent" 
the  tincture  sanguine. 


112 


Heralds  &  Heraldry. 


Fourthly,  is  there  any  evidence  that  this  device  of 
indicating  tinctures  by  means  of  lines  and  dots  was  in 
use  in  England  when  this  play  was  written?  Planche, 
says  that  it  "is  said  to  have  been  the  invention  of  an 
Italian,  Father  Silvestre  de  Petra  Sancta  ;  and  the  earliest 
instance  of  its  application  in  England,  the  engraving  of 
the  death-warrant  of  Charles  I,  to  which  the  seals  of  the 
subscribing  parties  are  represented  attached.  "«'  Planche 
reproduces  an  illustration  of  this  method  used  in  Sir 


*  Thenintlv 
Hee  bearcth  Lofenpye3Ar~ 
gent  and  Sable*  Thoughc 
thisihouldeappere,  to  bee 
Bend  counter  Bcndetyet  is 
it  fo  blazcd.Like  as  ye  hauc 
this  Lofengy,  fo  may^e  y  ou 
hauc  Mdculy,and  fufuly5o£ 
which  fortCjlbmc  exam  pies 
fliall  followe  profitable 
yourlcarning.- 


FIGURE  21. 

A    SHIELD    LOZENGY. 
FROM  LEGH'S  ACCEDENS  OF  ARMORY,  1576,  FOLIO  92  A. 

Edward  Bysshe's  edition  of  Upton,  1654  ;  but  this  makes 
no  provision  either  for  purpure  or  for  sanguine.  My 
own  search  for  evidence  has  assured  me  that  this  device 
of  lines  and  dots  was  not  used  by  Legh,  edition  of  1676  ; 
by  Feme,  1586;  by  Bolton,  1610;  in  the  Mirrour  of 
Majesty,  1618;  by  Peacham,  1634  and  1661  ;  by  Carter, 


Planch*,  39-40. 


The  Staple  of  News.  113 

1655;  nor  in  the  1679  edition  of  Guillim  save  in  those 
plates  which,  according  to  Dallaway,  «2  were  added,  in 
that  edition,  by  the  bookseller  Blome.  I  cannot  believe 
that  Jonson,  or  Jonson's  audience,  or  the  heralds  of 
Jonson's  day,  had  ever  heard  of  indicating  vert  by 
diagonal  lines,  or  purpure  by  diagonal  lines,  or  sanguine 
by  a  combination  of  the  two. 

But  even  if  we  grant  Dr.  Winter's  assumption  that 
Jonson  knew  this  device  of  dots  and  lines,  we  are  still 
left  in  the  following  dilemma : — 

(1)  If,   as  Dr.  Winter  asserts,   Piedmantle  is   so 
named  because  his  gown  is  "pied,"  then  his  gown  is  not 
"sanguine,"  and  the  word  "complexion"  in  the  text  does 
not  refer,  as  Dr.  Winter  would  have  it,  to  the  color  of 
the  gown. 

(2)  If  the  word  "complexion"  does  refer  to  the 
color  of  the  gown,  then  the  gown  is  sanguine,  or  murrey, 
not   pied  green   and  purple ;  and   the  gown    will    not 
account,  as  Dr.  Winter  would  have  it,  for  the  name  of 
Piedmantle. 

For  myself,  I  accept  unhesitatingly  the  former 
alternative.  I  see  no  way  of  determining  what  the 
several  colors  of  the  mantle  were ;  but  I  am  perfectly 
willing  to  admit  that  it  was  "pied,"  for  Jonson  would 
delight  in  presenting  this  heraldet  in  motley.  But  I  see 
no  need  of  treating  "sanguine"  in  this  passage  as  an 
heraldic  term,  or  as  referring  in  any  way  to  the  mantle. 
The  word  "sanguine"  refers  rather  to  the  complexion  of 
Piedmantle' s  face ;  and  the  passage,  freely  interpreted, 
means  no  more  than  this :  "Sir,  you  may  see  how  I  have 
ventured,  because  of  my  love  for  you  and  your  good 
looks." 

II,  I ;  Wks,  II,  301.     Winter,  II,  V,  93-94. 

He  is  my  nephew,  and  my  chief,  the  point, 
Tip,  top,  and  tuft  of  all  our  family. 

*z  Dallaway,  247. 


114  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Chief.  That  Jonson  is  here  punning  upon  the 
heraldic  word  "chief,"  seems  probable  from  the  context. 
The  "chief"  in  heraldry  is  one  of  the  nine  "honorable 
ordinaries,"  and  consists  of  the  upper  third,  that  is,  of 
the  top  of  the  escutcheon.  See  p.  27,  and  the  second 
shield  in  Figure  6. 

IV,  I ;  Wks,  II,  321.     Winter,  IV,  IV,  1. 

Enter  Pie  dmantle  with  Petunias  pedigree. 

Pedigree.  Pennyboy  Junior,  in  lines  29-30  of  this 
scene,  describes  this  pedigree  as  a  "scroll,"  "rarely 
painted."  From  the  previous  conversation,  I  infer  that 
it  displayed  Pecunia's  several  lines  of  descent,  traced 
back  for  many  generations,  and,  with  each  line,  its 
appropriate  coat  of  arms.  In  Chapter  IV,  (See  p.  46),  I 
have  attempted  to  reconstruct  Pecunia's  pedigree,  not 
for  its  own  sake,  but  to  illustrate  another  matter. 
Jonson's  statements  are  too  few .  and  too  uncertain  to 
provide  a  basis  for  more  than  guess-work.  In  Chapter 
VI,  (See  p.  68),  I  have  referred  to  the  duties  of  the 
heralds  as  genealogists.  They  preserved  the  pedigrees 
of  all  families  entitled  to  coat  armour,  and  they  kept 
these  records  complete  by  making  "Visitations"  to  each 
county  at  frequent  intervals.  They  furnished,  to  mem- 
bers of  the  nobility  and  gentry  so  desiring,  certified 
copies  of  their  pedigrees;  and  from  this  source,  the 
heralds  derived  a  considerable  income.  Piedmantle 
would  scarcely  have  sold  this  pedigree  for  a  kiss,  had  it 
not  been  the  kiss  of  the  Lady  Pecunia. 

IV,  I;  Wks,  II,  321-2.     Winter,  IV,  IV,  1-33. 

Gilford's  contemptuous  note  upon  this  passage,  in 
regard  to  the  heraldic  and  alchemical  terms  in  Jonson,  is 
well  worth  reproducing : — 

"It  would  not  have  been  a  matter  of  difficulty, 
though  of  considerable  labour,"  says  Gifford,  "to  furnish 


The  Staple  of  News.  115 

some  kind  of  explanation  of  all  the  technical  terms  which 
occur  in  the  remainder  of  this  scene ;  but  it  would  still 
be  a  thankless  office.  No  one,  I  should  suppose,  would 
even  dwell  for  a  moment  on  such  an  uninteresting 
muster-roll  of  hard  words  :  and  in  fact  if  any  prodigy  of 
patience  and  curiosity  should  inquire  after  their  sense, 
and  learn  that  tassclled  of  the  first  means  of  the  first 
colour  'because  heraldry  abhors  to  repeat  the  name,'  .  .  . 
he  would  not,  I  suspect,  find  himself  very  far  advanced 
in  the  science  of  heraldry.  .  .  .  Jonson,  who  was  not 
only  possessed  of  as  much  learning  but  of  as  much 
general  knowledge  as  any  man  of  his  time,  undoubtedly 
understood  them  all :  the  general  reader,  however,  will 
do  well  to  content  himself  (like  the  Prodigal)  with 
saying  'they  sound  well,'  and  pass  on."  43 

What  Gifford  here  missed  entirely  is  the  fact  that, 
without  exception,  every  technical  term  in  the  passage 
he  assails  contributes  directly  and  materially  to  Jonson's 
satirical  allegory.  Since  the  Lady  Pecunia  is  wealth 
personified,  Jonson  naturally  derives  her  from  the  Duke 
of  Or,  i.e.,  gold.  For  an  earlier  ancestor,  he  provides 
one  Sol,  whose  name  is  identical  with  another  heraldic 
term  for  the  same  metal ;  and  as  family  arms,  "azure,  a 
Sun  proper."  To  another  line,  he  gives  "Bezants," 
lumps  of  gold,  or,  according  to  other  authorities,  gold 
coins  of  Byzantium  ;  and  to  a  third,  a  coat  in  which,  for 
the  sake  of  extravagance,  he  even  twice  breaks  the 
heraldic  rule  against  placing  metal  upon  metal :  "argent, 
three  leeks  vert,  in  canton  or,  tasselled  of  the  first."  In 
this  passage  also,  as  if  for  good  measure,  Jonson  throws 
in  a  "local  gag"  regarding  the  Welshman's  devotion  to 
the  leek. 

IV,  I;  Wks,  II,  321.     Winter,  IV,  IV,  5-13. 

PECUNIA.     My  pedigree? 
I  tell  yon,  friend,  he  must  be  a  good  scholar 

s  Gifford's  note  on  S.  of  .V..  IV,  I ;  Wks.  II,  322. 


H 6  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Can  my  descent :     I  am  of  princely  race  ; 

And  as  good  blood  as  any  is  in  the  mines 

Runs  through  my  veins.     I  am  every  limb  a  princess  ! 

Duchess  of  Mines  was  my  great  grandmother  ; 

And  by  the  father  s  side,  I  come  from  Sol; 

My  grandfather  was  Duke  of  Or,  and  matched 

In  the  blood-royal  of  Ophir.  ( 

Sol.  In  Jonson's  day  there  were  several  methods  of 
blazoning  tinctures.  The  usual  method  was  by  the  now 
familiar  names  of  metals  and  colours,  as  Or,  Argent, 
Gules,  Azure,  and  so  on.  A  second  method  was  by  the 
names  of  precious  stones  :  Topaz,  Pearl,  Ruby,  Sapphire, 
and  so  forth.  A  third  was  by  the  names  of  planets,  as 
Sol,  Luna,  Mars,  and  Jupiter.  This  third  method  was 
usually  reserved  for  blazoning  the  arms  of  kings  and 
princes.  ««  "Sol,"  therefore,  as  used  in  the  foregoing 
passage,  is  significant  for  two  reasons :  first,  because  it 
signifies  gold,  and  second,  because  it  is  the  royal  term 
for  gold.  See  under  "The  Blazon  of  Tinctures,"  page  17. 
Dr.  Winter  says,  in  his  Glossary,  that  the  term  "Sol"  is 
"used  in  blazing  planets."  Let  us  hope  that  this  error 
is  his  printer's. 

In  his  Introduction,  Dr.  Winter  speaks  of  Pecunia 
as  having  "an  alchemical  genealogy  and  significance."  « 
As  heraldry  and  alchemy  borrow  much  of  their  non- 
sense from  the  same  sources,  the  assertion  need  not  be 
here  disputed.  But  co-ordinate  with  the  alchemical 
significance  is  the  heraldic  one.  Indeed,  the  very  names 
"Sol"  and  "Duke  of  Or"  seem  but  a  paraphrase  of  those 
in  the  imaginary  pedigree  presented  in  Legh's  Ace  e  dens; 
"Sir  lohn  Argent  hath  to  his  firfte  wife,  the  Lady  Or, 
daughter  &  only  heire  of  the  Earle  of  Geules,  by  who  he 
hath  iffue  a  daughter  named  Azure.  .  .  ."  <6 

*»  Guillim,  1679,  p.  9;  1724,  p.  3.    **  Winter,  Intro.,  xxi.    •**  Legh,  Fol.97  b  -98  a. 


The  Staple  of  News. 


117 


IV,  I;  Wks,  II,  321.     Winter,  IV,  IV,  13-16. 

PIEDMANTLE.     Here  is  his  coat. 

PECUNIA.     I  know  it  if  I  hear  the  blazon. 

PIE.     He  bears 

In  a  field  azure,  a  sun  proper,  beamy, 
Twelve  of  the  second. 

Coat.     Arms ;   coat   of  arms ;  here,  that  portion  of 
the  coat  of  arms  that  is  borne  upon  the  shield.     See  p.  13. 

Blazon.     Description   in   heraldic  language,  as   the 
reply  of  Piedmantle  in  this  passage.     See  p.  16. 


FIGURE  22. 

AZURE,  A  SUN. 

FROM  LEGH'S  ACCKDENS  OF  ARMORY,  1576,  FOLIO  58  B. 

Bears.  To  display  or  exhibit  heraldically,  of  right. 
See  p.  13.  The  expression  "He  bears"  is  a  literal 
translation  of  the  corresponding  term  in  French  heraldry, 
"il  porte." 

Field.     The   surface  of  the  heraldic  shield.      See 

P-  13- 

Azure.     The  heraldic  colour  Blue.     See  p.  15 

A  sun.     The  heraldic  sun  is  regularly  represented 

as  a  human  face  surrounded  by  rays.     See  p.  35,  and 

Figure  22  above. 


Ii8  Heralds  &•  Heraldry. 

Proper.     In  its  natural  colour:  here  Or.     See  p.  18. 

This  passage  is  either  a  bad  "break"  by  Jonson.  or 
else  a  capital  bit  of  sly  characterization.  Young 
Piedmantle,  by  whom  the  words  are  spoken,  has  boasted 
that  he  has  "read  the  Elements  and  the  Accidence,  and 
all  the  leading  books  ; "  v  but  now,  in  blazoning  the  sun 
as  "proper."  he  is  violating  a  rule  ri  his  own  chosen 
authority:  "Hee  beareth,"  says  Legh,  "Azure,  a  Sunne 
Or.  ...  In  this  cote  hee  is  in  proper  colour,  &  in  his 
naturall  fielde.  v.  .  .  And  wherefore  do  ye  not  fay 
proper  colour  or  that  the  Sunne  is  of  his  proper  colour  ? 
.  .  .  Alciatus  fayth  that  a  ma  fhal  difcern  colour,  if  he 
may  coe  within  a  knightes  rale  of  any  baner,  but  I  neuer 
hard  of  any  man  that  came  within  an  hundred  knightes 
rates  of  the  Sunne."  4S  Guillim  goes  a  step  farther,  and 
maintains  that  "for  the  Sun  and  Stars,  when  they  be  of 
the  colour  of  the  metal  Or,  which  is  their  natural  colour, 
it  fufficeth  to  fay,  a  Sun,  or  Star,  without  adding  the 
word  Proper,  or  Or."  w  See  p.  18. 

Beamy.  Having  beams,  or  rays,  usually  represented 
as  alternately  straight  and  wavy.  As  Guillim  says, 
"Who  knoweth  not  that  the  chief  eft  glory  and  higheft 
commendation  that  may  be  given  to  the  Sun  doth  confift 
in  this,  that  he  is  beautified  with  the  brightnefs  of  his 
proper  beams  ?  "  s° 

Twelve,     i.e.,  twelve  beams. 

Of  the  second.  Of  the  second  tincture  named ;  in 
this  case,  proper.  To  mention  a  tincture  more  than  once 
by  name  was  accounted  awkward  blazoning.  See  p.  18. 

IV,  I;  Wks,  II,  322.     Winter,  IV,  IV,  18-22. 

PECUNIA.      W}iat  be  these  ? — Bezants? 

PIEDMANTLE.     Yes,  atit  please  your  grace. 

*'  5.  of  Ar.,  II,  I;  Wks,  II,  292.    «6    Legh,  Fol.  58  b.    «*  Guillim,  1629,  p.   117 ; 
see  also,  1679,  p.  10,  and  1724,  p.  8.    5°  Guillim,  1679,  P-  &2  ;  1724,  P-  9°- 


The  Staple  of  News.  119 

PEC.  That  is  our  coat  too,  as  we  come  from  Or. 
What  line  is  this  f 

PIE.     The  rich  mines  of  Potosi, 
The  Spanish  mines  in  the  West  Indies. 

PEC.     This  ? 

PIE.     The  mines  of  Hungary,  this  of  Barbary. 

Bezants.  Roundels  or.  Among  the  common 
charges  is  a  group  of  round  devices  called  collectively 
the  Roundels.  A  roundel  Or  is  called  a  Bezant ;  a 
roundel  Argent,  a  Plate  ;  and  so  on,  a  distinct  name  for 
every  change  of  tincture.  ^  Of  the  Bezant,  Legh  says  : 
"This  is  a  tallante  which  conteineth  of  Troye  weight  a 
hudred  fower  pounde  and  two  ouces,  and  is  a  lumpe  of 
gold  the  valewe  wereof  is  3750  pounds  efterling.  Of 
thefe  beifauntes  you  fhall  rede  diuerflye  in  Scripture,  as 
when  Salomon  had  geuen  vnto  Hiram  xx  Cities,  he 
againe,  of  good  harte,  gaue  Salomon  120  beifauntes  of 
golde,  whereof  these  took  their  firfte  name."  *2  See  p.  30. 

IV,  I ;  Wks,  II,  322.     Winter,  IV,  IV,  23-26. 

PECUNIA.     But  this,  this  little  branch  ? 

PIEDMANTLE.     The  Welsh  mine  that. 

PEC.     I  have  Welsh  blood  in  me  too  ;  blaze,  sir,  that 
coat. 

PIE.     She  bears,  ant  please  you,  argent,  three  leeks 

vert, 
In  canton  or,  tasselled  of  the  first. 

Blaze.  To  blazon ;  to  describe  in  heraldic  language. 
See  p.  16. 

Bears.  To  bear  ;  to  desplay  heraldically,  of  right. 
See  p.  13. 

Argent.  The  heraldic  metal  Silver.  See  p.  15. 
The  tincture  first  named  is  always  that  of  the  field. 
See  p.  16. 

s1  Legh,  Fol.  86  b.    s2  Ibid,  Fol,  87  a. 


120  Heralds  &•  Heraldry. 

Three  leeks.  The  leek  is  a  culinary  vegitable  of  the 
onion  family.  The  edible  portion  is  cylindrical  in  shape, 
and  it  sends  up  a  long  stalk  bearing  a  white  flower.  It 
is  the  emblem  of  Wales,  as  the  thistle  is  that  of  Scotland, 
and  the  shamrock  that  of  Ireland ;  but  I  have  found  no 
mention  of  it  in  works  on  heraldry.  In  literature  it  is 
perhaps  best  known  from  Shakspere's  Fluellen  in  King 
Henry  V:— 

Fluellen.  Your  majesty  says  very  true  :  if  your  maj- 
esty is  remembered  of  it,  the  Welshmen  did  good  service 
in  a  garden  where  leeks  did  grow,  wearing  leeks  in  their 
Monmouth  caps ;  which,  your  majesty  know,  to  this 
hour  is  an  honourable  badge  of  the  service ;  and  I  do 
believe  your  majesty  takes  no  scorn  to  wear  the  leek 
upon  Saint  Tavy's  day. 

King  Henry.  I  wear  it  for  a  memorable  honour ; 
For  I  am  Welsh,  you  know,  good  countryman.  " 

For  further  consideration  of  the  Leek,  see  p.  33. 

Vert.    The  heraldic  colour  Green.     Seep.  15. 

Canton.  An  heraldic  charge,  ranked  by  Legh  among 
the  Ordinaries  Generall.  54  It  is  a  rectangular  figure 
filling  the  dexter  chief,  similar  to  the  Quarter,  but 
smaller.  It  is  illustrated  in  the  coat  that  occupies  the 
sixth  quarter  of  the  arms  in  Figure  13,  p.  48.  See  also 
p.  29. 

Or.  The  heraldic  metal  Gold.  See  p.  15.  For  the 
rule  against  placing  colour  upon  colour,  or  metal  upon 
metal,  see  p.  20.  Jonson's  violation  of  this  rule,  in  plac- 
ing on  a  field  argent  a  canton  or,  and  again  in  placing  on 
this  canton  or,  leeks  tasselled  argent,  i.e.  in  twice  placing 
metal  upon  metal,  is,  of  course,  deliberate.  Indeed,  the 
violation  of  a  rule  so  familiar  to  his  audience  would  give 
additional  point  to  Jonson's  allegory.  That  this  rule  was 
thus  thoroughly  familiar,  appears,  if  other  evidence  were 

53  King  Henry,  I'.,  IV,  VII,  100-108,    See  also  Act  V,  sc.  I.    '<  Legh,  Fol.  70  a. 


The  Staple  of  News.  121 

wanting,  in  the   following   passage  from   his    Cynthia's 
Revels : — 

What,  lay  colour  upon  colour !     That  affords  but  an 
ill  blazon. 

Here  comes  metal  to  help  it,  the  Lady  Argurion.  " 

Tasselled  of  the  first.  Having  tassels  of  the  tinc- 
ture first  mentioned  in  the  blazon, — here,  Argent.  See 
p.  1 8.  As  I  have  mentioned  above,  the  leek  bears  a 
white  flower. 

IV,  I ;  Wks,  II,  323.     Winter,  IV,  IV,  101. 

And  Piedmantle  shall  give  us  all  our  arms. 

Give  .  .  .  arms.  Concerning  the  power  of  the 
heralds  to  grant  and  to  confirm  arms,  see  pages  64,  65, 
66-67. 

IV,  I ;  Wks,  II,  324.     Winter,  IV,  IV,  150-159. 

Here  is  Piedmantle  ; 
'  Cause  he's  an  ass,  do  not  I  love  a  herald, 
Who  is  the  pure  preserver  of  descents, 
The  keeper  fair  of  all  nobility, 
Without  which  all  would  run  into  confusion  ? 
Were  he  a  learned  herald  I  would  tell  him 
He  can  give  arms  and  marks,  he  cannot  honour  ; 
No  more  than  money  can  make  noble :  it  may 
Give  place  and  rank,  but  it  can  give  no  virtue  : 
And  he  would  thank  me  for  this  truth. 

Do  not  I  love  a  herald.  This  passage  has  been  gen- 
erally accepted  as  a  tribute  to  Jonson's  "most  learned  and 
.  .  honoured  friend,"  s6  William  Camden,  Esq.,  Clar- 
encieux.  57  The  passage  is  at  least  significant  as  defining 
Jonson's  attitude  toward  the  heralds  and  heraldry  of  his 
day. 

The  pure  preserver  of  descents.  For  the  duties  of 
the  heralds  as  geneaoligists,  see  page  68. 

55  Cynthia's  Revels,  II,  I ;  Wks,  I,  162.    56  Every   Man  In    His  Humour,  Dedi- 
cation ;  Wks,  I,  i.    57  Winter,  211. 


122  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

The  keeper  fair  of  all  nobility.  The  heralds  were 
authorized  to  prevent  or  prohibit  any  violation  of  the 
laws  of  arms  and  chivalry,  as,  for  example,  the  assump- 
tion of  coat  armour  or  of  the  style  of  "Gentleman"  with- 
out right.  See  p.  65. 

IV,  I ;  Wks,  II,  325.   Winter,  4th  Intermean,  58-60. 

No,  I  would  have  Master  Piedmantle,  her  grace  s 
herald,  to  pluck  down  his  hatchments,  reverse  his  coat- 
armour,  and  nullify  him  for  no  gentleman. 

The  ceremony  of  degradation,  according  to  heraldic 
usage,  might  be  performed  as  a  preliminary  punishment 
in  the  case  of  knights  about  to  be  executed  for  treason, 
or  it  might,  for  less  grievous  offences,  constitute  the 
chief  part  of  the  penalty.  Legh,  and  Guillim  after  him, 
present  a  drawing  of  the  reversed  arms  of  Sir  Amery  of 
Pavy,  who  betrayed  an  English  castle  to  the  French,  s8 
In  the  reign  of  Edward  II,  Andrew  de  Harclay,  Earl  of 
Carlyle,  and  other  rebellious  lords  were  led  to  execution 
wearing  their  coat-armour  painted  in  reverse. s?  The  re- 
versal of  the  arms,  however,  was  not  the  full  extent  of 
the  ceremony.  For  the  punishment  of  a  traitor,  "the 
Laws  adjudge  not  only  his  Coat-Armour  to  be  razed  and 
his  Shield  reverfed,  but  alfo  his  Spear  truncked,  his 
Spurrs  hewen  from  his  Heels,  his  Horfe  docked,  (  the 
italics  are  my  own),  his  Sword  to  be  broken  upon  his 
Helmet,  his  Creft  divided,  his  Statues  pulled  down,  his 
Blood  corrupted  and  his  Body  to  death.  ...  his  Family 
at  an  End."  *> 

An  instance  of  degradation  not  followed  by  the  death- 
penalty  was  fresh  in  the  public  mind  when  Jonson  wrote 
this  play.  On  May  5th,  1621,  Sir  Francis  Mitchell, 
knight,  "having  been  convicted  of  grevious  exactions," 
was  sentenced  to  be  degraded  from  knighthood.  On 

sg  Legh,  Fol.  73  a  -  74  a;   Guillim,  1679,  p.  31 ;   1724,  p.  459.    &  Dallaway,  81-82. 
60  Guillim,  1679,  p.  32;  1724,  p.  460. 


The  Staple  of  News.  123 

June  1 6th,  this  sentence  was  executed  in  the  presence  of 
the  Commissioners  for  executing  the  office  of  Earl 
Marshal,  and  of  the  three  kings  of  arms.  The  sentence 
was  read  by  a  pursuivant ;  then  the  culprit's  spurs  were 
hacked  from  his  heels,  his  sword  was  broken  over  his 
head,  and  the  first  Commissioner  pronounced  that 
Mitchell  was  no  longer  a  knight  but  a  knave.  6l  William 
Camden,  in  his  capacity  as  Clarencieux  king  at  arms,  par- 
ticipated in  this  ceremony.62 

Hatchments.  Achievements  of  arms.  The  word  is 
most  often  applied  to  the  achievement  of  a  deceased  per- 
son displayed  at  his  funeral. 

Coat-armour.  Originally,  arms  emblazoned  upon  a 
surcoat  to  be  worn  over  the  armour  ;  thence,  arms, 
however  displayed. 

Gentleman.  A  man  entitled  to  coat -armour.  Com- 
pare the  two  passages  following  : — 

Carlo.     But  have  you  arms,  have  you  arms  ? 
Sogliardo.     I 'faith,     I   thank    them ;    I   can  write 
myself  gentleman  now.  " 

Myself,  a  prince  by  fortune  of  my  birth. 

Near  to  the  king  in  blood 

Have  stoop'd  my  neck  under  your  injuries, 
And  sigh'd  my  English  breath  in  foreign  clouds, 
Eating  the  bitter  bread  of  banishment ; 
Whilst  you  have  fed  upon  my  signories, 
Dispark'd  my  parks  and  fell'd  my  forest  woods, 
From  my  owu  windows  torn  my  household  coat, 
Razed  out  my  imprese,  leaving  me  no  sign, 
Save  men's  opinions  and  my  living  blood, 
To  show  the  world  I  am  a  gentleman.  6* 


Noble,  193.    <*  D.  K.  £.,  VIII,  282.    "  E.  M.  O.,  Ill,  I ;  Wks,  I,  100. 
64  Richard  II,  III,  I ;  16-27. 


124  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

A  TALE  OF  A  TUB. 

I,  III;  Wks,  II,  445. 

PREAMBLE  .     ...     Metaphor,  you  have  seen 
A  king  ride  forth  in  state. 

METAPHOR.     Sir,  that  I  have : 
King  Edward,  our  late  liege  and  sovereign  lord ; 
And  have  set  down  the  pomp.  < 

PRE.     Therefore  I  asked  you. 
Have  you  observed  the  messengers  of  the  chamber, 
What  habits  they 'were  in  ? 

MET.     Yes,  minor  coats, 
Unto  the  guard,  a  dragon  and  a  greyhound 
For  the  supporters  of  the  arms. 

PRE  .     Well  marked  ! 
You  know  not  any  of  them  ?     ... 
Have  you  acquaintance  with  him, 
To  borrow  his  coat  an  hour?     .  .  , 

MET.     The  taberd  of  his  office  I  will  call  it, 
Or  the  coat-armour  of  his  place ;  and  so 
Insinuate  with  him  by  that  trope. 

The  messengers  of  the  chamber.  The  messengers, 
or  warrant-servers,  of  various  courts  were  called  "pur- 
suivants" and,  like  the  pursuivants  of  the  Heralds' 
College,  wore  official  tabards.  In  this  play,  Preamble's 
clerk,  Miles  Metaphor,  borrows  a  pursuivant's  tabard, 
and,  thus  disguised,  makes  a  pretended  arrest  "in  the 
queen's  majesty's  name,  and  all  the  council's."  In  this 
capacity,  he  is  called,  repeatedly 6s  a  pursuivant,  or  a 
pursuivant  at  arms  ;  but  nothing  in  the  play  indicates  that 
he  was  pretending  to  be  an  officer  of  the  Heralds'  College. 

A  dragon  and  a  greyhound.  On  this  passage, 
Gifford  notes  :  "Henry  VII,  a  prince  of  the  house  of 
Tudor,  in  memory  of  their  descent  from  Cadwallader, 

"  See  especially  Act  II,  sc.  I ;  Wks,  II,  454-6. 


A    Tale  of  a  Tub.  125 

gave  from  his  first  accession  the  red  or  rouge  dragon 
(  when  he  also  constituted  Rouge  Dragon  pursuivant;, 
for  the  dexter  supporter  of  his  arms,  with  the  greyhound 
of  the  house  of  York  on  the  left."  This  note  of  Gifford's 
leaves  the  impression  that  the  messengers  described  by 
Metaphor  bore  on  their  official  coats  the  royal  supporters 
used  by  King  Henry  VII.  I  am  not  prepared  to  offer  an 
alternative  explanation;  but  I  cannot  believe  that  Gifford's 
implied  interpretation  is  correct.  In  the  first  place,  if 
these  messengers  wore  the  royal  arms  upon  their  tabards, 
as  pursuivants  of  the  king,  their  tabards  would  not  be 
referred  to  as  "minor  coats."  In  the  second  place,  the 
royal  arms  in  the  reign  of  King  Edward  VI  did  not  have 
the  same  supporters  as  the  royal  arms  of  Henry  VII. 
Boutell  and  Aveling  give  the  supporters  of  the  Tudor  and 
Stuart  sovereigns  thus : — 

"Henry  VII.  :  A  dragon  gu.,  and  a  greyhound  arg., 
or  two  greyhounds  arg. ;  also  a  lion  or,  and  a  dragon  gu. 

"Henry  VIII.  :  A  lion  or,  and  a  dragon  gu.,  and 
sometimes  a  bull,  a  greyhound,  or  a  cock,  all  argent. 

"Edward  VI.  :  A  lion  or,  and  a  dragon  gu. 

"Mary  and  Elizabeth  :  A  lion  or,  and  a  dragon  gu. 
or  a  greyhound  arg. 

"James  I.  first  bore  two  lions  ;  secondly,  two  uni- 
corns ;  and  afterwards  a  lion  or,  for  England,  and  a 
unicorn  arg.,  for  Scotland.  The  supporters  of  the  Royal 
shield  of  England  have  remained  unchanged  since  the 
time  of  James  I."  & 

According  to  this  list,  the  dragon  and  the  greyhound 
have  not  been  used  together  as  supporters  of  the  royal 
arms  since  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.  Since  that  reign, 
one  of  the  supporters  has  always  been  a  lion.  As  I  said 
above,  I  am  not  prepared  to  offer  an  explanation  of  this 
passage  ;  but  as  for  Gifford's  explanation, — "I  doubt." 

«  B.  &  A.,  3iS. 


126  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Supporters.  Figures  on  either  side  of  an  escutcheon 
in  the  attitude  of  upholding  or  defending  it.  See  p.  54. 

Taberd.  "Verftegan's  words  in  his  antient  Englifh 
Alphabet  are  thefe  :  A  Tabert,  anciently  a  fhort  gowne, 
that  reached  no  further  then  to  the  mid-legge.  In 
England  it  is  now  the  name  onely  of  an  Heralds  Coate."6? 

Coat-armour.  Arms  emblazoried  upon  a  surcoat, 
and  thence,  arms,  however  displayed. 

II,  I ;  Wks,  I|,  454. 

Enter  Justice  Preamble,  and  Metaphor  disguised  as 
a  pursuivant. 

Pursuivant.  Here,  messenger  of  the  council,  a 
warrant-server ;  not  a  pursuivant  belonging  to  the 
Heralds'  College.  See  pages  62  and  78. 

VOLPONE,  OR,  THE  FOX. 

I,  I ;  Wks,  I,  342. 

MOSCA.     A  piece  of  plate,  sir.     .  .  .     Huge, 
Massy,  and  antique,  with  your  name  inscribed 
And  arms  engraved. 

Arms.  Coat  of  arms,  heraldic  achievement.  See 
P-  13- 

67  Bolton  :   The  Elements  of  Armories,  1610,  Fol.  Ee  2  [a]. 


THE  MASQUES  AND  ENTERTAINMENTS. 

PART   OF   KING  JAMES'S   ENTERTAINMENT 
IN  PASSING  TO  HIS  CORONATION. 

Wks,  II,  556. 

She  [Monarchia  Britannica~\  was  a  woman  richly 
attired  in  cloth  of  gold  and  tissue :  a  rich  mantle ;  over 
her  state  two  crowns  hanging,  with  pensile  shields 
through  them  ;  the  one  limned  with  the  particular  coat  of 
England,  the  other  of  Scotland.  On  either  side  also  a 
crown,  with  the  like  scutcheons,  and  peculiar  coats  of 
France  and  Ireland. 

The  particular  coat  of  England.  Gules,  three  lions 
passant  gardant,  in  pale,  or. 

Scotland.  Or,  within  a  double  tressure  flory 
coimter-flory,  a  lion  rampant  gules. 

France.  Azure,  three  fleurs-de-lis,  or.  The  arms 
of  France  were  quartered  by  the  kings  of  England  from 
the  reign  of  Edward  III  down  to  the  year  1801.  See 
PP-  31-32. 

Ireland.     Azure,  a  harp  or,  stringed  argent. 

Wks,  I,  558-59. 

The  arms  of  the  kingdom  on  the  one  side,  ...  on 
the  other  side  the  arms  of  the  city. 

The  arms  of  the  kingdom.  All  the  Tudor  sover- 
eigns had  borne :  Quarterly,  first  and  fourth  quarters, 
France;  second  and  third  quarters,  England.  Elizabeth 
occasionally  included  Ireland.  James  I,  however,  added 
the  arms  of  Scotland  and  of  Ireland ;  and  marshalled  the 


128 


Heralds   &   Heraldry. 


four  coats  thus:  Quarterly,  first  .and  fourth  grand 
quarters,  France  and  England  quarterly ;  second  grand 
quarter,  Scotland ;  third  grand  quarter,  Ireland.  As 
Figure  23,  I  reproduce  the  arms  of  James  I,  from  The 
Mirrovr  of  Mates  tie,  1618. 

The  arms  of  the  city.     Argent,   a  cross  gules ;    on 
the  dexter  chief  quarter,  a  sword  (or  dagger)  erect,  of 


FIGURE  23. 

ARMS  OF  JAMES  I. 

REPRODUCED  FROM  THE  MIRROVR  OF  MAIESTIE,  1618. 

the  second.  Crest:  A  dragon  sinister,  wings  expanded, 
argent,  charged  with  a  cross  gules.  Supporters:  Two 
dragons,  with  wings  expanded,  argent,  charged  on  the 
wings  with  a  cross  gules.  Motto :  NOMINE  DIRIGE  NOS. 

Wks,  II,  562. 

Upon  the  utmost  front  of  the  building  was  placed  the 
entire  arms  of  the  kingdom,  tbith  the  garter,  crown,  and 
supporters,  cut  forth  as  fair  and  great  as  the  life. 


King  James's  Entertainment. 


129 


Arms  of  the  kingdom.  See  the  foregoing  notes,  and 
Figure  23. 

Garter.  One  of  the  insignia  of  the  Order  of  the 
Garter,  consisting  of  a  ribbon,  blue,  with  gold  borders, 
buckle,  and  pendant,  and  bearing  the  motto :  Honi  soit 
qui  mat y  pens e .  In  the  royal  achievement  (see  Figure 
23),  the  Garter  is  arranged  in  a  circle  about  the  shield, 
with  the  buckle  at  the  base.  See  p.  55. 

Supporters.  James  I.  first  bore  two  lions;  secondly, 
two  unicorns ;  and  afterwards  a  lion  or  for  England  and 


FIGURE  24. 
ARMS  OF  THE  CITY  OF  LONDON. 

a  unicorn  argent  for  Scotland.  6S  The  latter  are 
blazoned :  Dexter,  the  English  lion,  rampant  gardant, 
crowned  or ;  sinister,  the  Scottish  unicorn,  argent, 
gorged  with  the  royal  coronet,  and  chained  or.  Which 
of  these  three  pairs  of  supporters  was  used  in  the 
decorations  for  King  James's  coronation,  I  have  not  seen 
specified  ;  but  I  infer  that  it  was  the  first. 

w  B.  &  A.,  318. 


I3O  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

PRINCE  HENRY'S  BARRIERS. 

Wks,  in,  67. 

Whilst  upright  Edward  shines  no  less  than  he 
Under  the  wings  of  golden  -victory, 
Nor  lets  out  no  less  rivers  of  the  blood 
Of  infidels,  but  makes  the  field  afiood, 
And  marches  through  it,  with  St.  George's  cross, 
Like  IsraeFs  host  to  the  Egyptians'  loss, 
Through  the  Red  Sea. 

St  George's  cross.  This  cross,  as  I  have  said  in 
Chapter  III,  consists  of  two  broad  stripes,  horizontal  and 
vertical,  intersecting  at  the  center  of  the  shield  and 
extending  to  its  perimeter.  Legh  blazons  it  as,  "Argent, 
a  playne  crofle  Geules ;"  *»  and  he  goes  on  to  tell  how 
this  particular  form  of  the  cross  was  adopted  by  St. 
George,  and  to  relate  its  subsequent  use.  "Every 
price,"  says  Legh,  "maye  take  vnto  him  for  his  patrone 
whome  hee  pleafe,  as  it  pleafed  that  victorious  king, 
Edwarde  the  thirde,  to  take  vnto  his  patrone  that 
valiaunt  knight  fainct  George,  and  to  beare  that  Ihielde 
in  his  name.  Who  in  all  his  cryes,  vfed  the  fame  againft 
faint  Dionife,  and  faint  Andrew :  By  vertue  whereof, 
either  they  were  chafed,  flaine,  or  taken  prifoners."  *° 

Wks,  m,  67. 

The  Black  Prince  Edward    .  .  .    tears 
From  the  Bohemian  crown  the  plume  he  wears, 
Which  after  for  his  crest  he  did  preserve 
To  his  father's  use,  with  this  fit  word,  I  SERVE. 

The  plume  of  ostrich  feathers  with  the  motto  Ich 
dien,  appears  on  the  tomb  of  the  Black  Prince  in 
Canterbury  Cathedral;  but  the  tradition  that  he  won 
this  badge  from  the  blind  king  of  Bohemia  at  the  battle 
of  Crecy  is  no  longer  accepted.  As  Mr.  Croston  has 

•»  Legh,  Fol.  27  b.   »  Legh,  Fol.  28  a, 


Prince  Henry  s  Barriers.  131 

remarked,  "The  badge  of  the  king  of  Bohemia  was  a 
vulture,  and  there  is  certainly  no  evidence  to  show  that 
the  Black  Prince  himself  ever  associated  the  device  with 
his  early  exploit  at  Crescy."  ^  Moreover,  the  device  of 
ostrich  feathers  did  not  pertain  exclusively  to  the  Black 


'  1 


FIGURE  25. 

FEATHER  BADGE  OF  CHARLES  I,  AS  PRINCE  OF  WALES. 
REPRODUCED  FROM  THE  MIRROVR  OF  MAIESTIE,  1618. 

Prince,  but  was  borne  also,  with  occasional  differences, 
by  his  brothers  and  by  many  of  their  descendants.  Not 
until  the  reign  of  Henry  VII  did  it  become  a  badge 
pertaining  solely  to  the  Prince  of  Wales.  ?2 

n  Holbein  Society  reprint  of  Tht  Mirrovr  of  Afaiestie,  Annotation,  p.  101. 
»  For  a  more  adequate  discussion  of  the  history  of  this  badge,  see  Planchi, 
254-5.  aRd  278-80 ;  and  £.  &  A.,  305-9. 


132  Heralds   &  Heraldry. 

The  accompanying  illustration,  Figure  25,  shows 
this  feather  badge  as  it  was  borne  by  Charles,  Prince  of 
Wales,  in  1618.  I  assume  that  this  did  not  differ 
materially  from  that  borne  by  his  elder  brother,  Prince 
Henry,  as  Prince  of  Wales,  from  1610  to  his  death  in 
1612. 

Crest.  According  to  modern ,  usage,  the  ostrich 
plumes  were  a  badge,  or  cognizance,  and  not  in  the  strict 
sense  a  crest.  On  the  tomb  of  the  Black  Prince  they 
appear  not  on  a  helmet,  but  on  six  shields  similar  to  the 
six  that  bear  his  arms. 

Word.     Motto.     See  p.  52. 

I  serve.  "Ich  dien ;"  still  used  by  the  Prince  of 
Wales  with  this  device. 

Wks,  III,  69. 

Henry  but  joined  the  roses  that  ensigned 
Particular  families,  but  this  hath.joined 
The  Rose  and  Thistle. 

Roses.  The  white  and  the  red  rose  appear  to  have 
been  the  badges  of  York  and  Lancaster  respectively  for 
some  time  previous  to  the  dispute  between  Richard 
Plantagenet  and  John  Beaufort,  Earl  of  Somerset, 
represented,  in  King  Henry  VI,  Part  I,  as  the  beginning 
of  the  War  of  the  Roses.  73  At  the  conclusion  of  that 
struggle,  King  Henry  VII  symbolized  the  union  of  the 
two  houses  in  his  person  by  taking  for  his  cognizance 
a  device  that  united  the  badges  of  York  and  Lancaster : 
a  rose,  parti  gules  and  argent,  crowned  proper. 

The  Rose  and  Thistle.  The  badges  of  England 
and  Scotland  respectively,  united  by  James  I. 

A  CHALLENGE  AT  TILT. 

Wks,  III,  88. 

/  ...  demand  of  thee  by  what  magic  thou  wear'st 
my  ensigns  ?  ...  Those  arms  are  usurped. 

»  Planch*,  236-44  and  269-71. 


A   Challenge  at  Tilt.  133 

To  usurp  the  arms  of  another  was  originally  a 
serious  matter.  Mr.  G.  T.  Clark  "  gives  a  list  of  contests 
over  coats  armorial,  the  most  recent  of  which,  that  of 
Blount  vs.  Blount,  was  decided  in  the  Earl  Marshal's 
court  as  late  as  1720.  Most  famous  of  these,  is  that 
begun  in  1384  and  not  concluded  until  1390,  between 
Richard,  Lord  Scrope,  and  Sir  Robert  Grosvenor.  How 
King  Richard  II  would  have  scoffed  had  he  been  told 
that  this  memorable  trial  would  be  known  in  future  ages, 
not  because  it  settled  the  momentous  issue  of  the  right 
to  bear  azure  a  bend  or,  but  because  one  of  the  witnesses, 
a  certain  comptroller  of  petty  customs,  deposed  in  1386 
that  he,  the  deponent,  was  then  "del  age  de  xl  ans  et 
plus,  armees  par  xxvii 


A  MASQUE  OF  THE  METAMORPHOSED 
GIPSIES. 

Wks,  III,  141. 

As  many  blessings  as  there  be  bones 
In  Ptolemy  s  fingers,  and  all  at  ones, 
Held  up  in  an  Andrew  s  cross  for  the  nones, 
Light  on  you,  good  master. 

Andrew's  cross.  The  Saint  Andrew's  cross,  or 
saltire,  is  an  heraldic  figure  consisting  of  two  diagonal 
stripes  placed  on  the  field  like  a  letter  "X."  See  page  28, 
and  the  eighth  shield  in  Figure  6.  In  the  passage  here 
quoted,  I  infer  that  Ptolemy,  the  gipsy  who  speaks  the 
prologue  and  prays  for  blessings  on  the  king,  so  clasps 
his  hands  that  his  fingers  form  a  Saint  Andrew's  cross. 

Wks,  III,  145. 
The  George  and  the  garter. 

Insignia  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter,  described 
page  55. 

7*  Article  "Heraldry,"  in  the  Encyclopedia  Britannica,  XI,  686-7. 


134  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

THE  FORTUNATE  ISLES. 

Wks,  III,  198. 

And  sing  the  present  prophecy  that  goes 
Of  joining  the  bright  Lily  and  the  Rose. 

The  bright  lily.     The  golden  fleur-de-lis  of  France. 

The  Rose.     The  badge  of  England.     See  p.  59. 

This  passage  refers  to  the  marriage  of  King  Charles 
I  of  England  to  Henrietta  Maria,  sister  of  Louis  XIII  of 
France.  Charles,  had  married  her  by  proxy,  at  Paris, 
May  ist,  1625;  and  she  had  arrived  at  Dover  June  I3th. 
This  masque  was  presented  at  court  on  the  following 
Twelfth-night,  i.e.  January  5th,  1626. 

LOVE'S  TRIUMPH  THROUGH  CALLIPOLIS. 

Wks,  III,  203. 

Beauty  and  Love,  whose  story  is  mysterial, 
In  yonder  palm-tree,  and  the  crown  imperial, 
Do  from  the  Rose  and  Lily  so  delicious, 
Promise  a  shade  shall  ever  be  propitious 
To  both  the  kingdoms. 

Rose  and  Lily.  The  emblems  of  England  and 
France,  used,  as  in  the  passage  quoted  from  The 
Fortunate  Isles,  with  reference  to  the  French  marriage 
of  Charles  I.  See  p.  59. 

LOVE'S  WELCOME  AT  WELBECK. 

Wks,  III,  215. 

ACCIDENCE  ...  in  a  costly  cassock  of  black 
buckram  girt  unto  him,  whereon  was  painted  party  per 
pale : 

On  the  one  side.  On  the  other  side. 

Noun,             ~\  Adverb,          "\ 

Pronoun,  Conjunction,    \ 

Verb,               \  declined.  preposition,    \  ^declined. 

Participle,  Interjection, 


Loves    Welcome  at   Welbeck.  135 

Party  per  pale.  Divided  into  two  halves  by  a 
vertical  line,  as  in  the  first  shield  in  Figure  4.  See 
pages  23  and  24. 

Wks,  III,  215. 

FITZALE  ...  in  a  taberd,  or  herald's  coat,  of 
azure  and  gules  quarterly  changed,  of  buckram  ;  limned 
with  yellow  instead  of  gold,  and  pasted  over  with  old 
records  of  the  two  shires  and  certain  fragments  of  the 
Forest,  as  a  coat  of  antiquity  and  precedent,  willing  to  be 
seen,  but  hard  to  be  read. 

Azure.    The  heraldic  colour  Blue.     See  p.  15. 

Gules.     The  heraldic  colour  Red.     See  p.  15. 

Quarterly.  Divided  by  a  vertical  and  a  horizontal 
line  into  four  equal  parts,  as  the  second  shield  in  'Figure 
4.  See  page  24. 

Wks,  III,  216. 

ACCIDENCE.  This  is  the  more  remarkable  man,  my 
very  good  lord ;  father  Fitz-Ale,  herald  of  Darby,  light 
and  lanthorn  of  both  counties ;  the  learned  antiquary  of 
the  north;  conserver  of  the  records  of  either  Forest,  as 
witnesseth  the  brief  taberd  or  coat-armour  he  carries, 
being  an  industrious  collection  of  all  the  written  or 
reported  Wonders  of  the  Peak. 

Taberd.  A  tabard,  or  herald's  coat,  regularly  bore 
armorial  insignia. 

LOVE'S  WELCOME  AT  BOLSOVER. 

Wks,  III,  221. 

Hey  for  the  lily,  for,  and  the  blended  rose  ! 

Lily.  The  fleur-de-lis  of  France,  in  honour  of 
Henrietta  Maria. 

The  blended  rose.  The  "Tudor  rose"  of  England, 
party  red  and  white.  See  p.  60. 


136  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Wks,III,  221. 

The  King  and  Queen  had  a  second  banquet  set  down 
before  them  from  the  clouds  by  two  Loves,  Eros  and 
Anteros :  one  as  the  Kings,  the  other  as  the  Queens, 
differenced  by  their  garlands  only  ;  his  of  white  and  red 
roses,  the  other  of  lilies  interweaved,  gold,  silver,  purple, 
&c. 

Differenced.     Bearing  distinguishing  marks.      See 

P-  35- 

"White  and  red  roses.  A  variation  on  the  badge  of 
England,  a  survival  of  the  roses  of  York  and  Lancaster. 

Lilies,  .  .  .  gold,  silver,  purple.  A  variation  on 
the  golden  fleurs-de-lis  of  France,  in  honor  of  Henrietta 
Maria. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  AND 
INDEX. 


Now,  therefore,  as  all  worldlye  thinges 
liaue  and  ende,  (except  the  houfhold  wordes 
betweene  man  &  wife,  whiche  fome  yeare 
hath  three  endes),  I  think  likewife  to  draw 
to  an  ende  of  this  booke. 

— Legh  :  The  Accedens  of  Armory,  1576. 
Folio  1 06  b. 


SELECT  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
I.    HERALDIC  SOURCES.* 

Bolton,  Edmond.  The  Elements  of  Armories.  Quern  Dixere 
Chaos.  At  London,  Printed  by  George  Eld.  1610.  (Peabody 
Library,  2777.) 

Camden,  William.  Remains  concerning  Britain  :  their  Lan- 
guages, Names,  Surnames,  Allusions,  Anagramms,  Armories, 
Moneys,  Impresses,  Apparel,  Artillerie,  Wise  Speeches,  Proverbs, 
Poesies,  Epitaphs.  Written  by  William  Camden  Esquire,  Clar- 
enceux,  King  of  Arms,  Surnamed  the  Learned.  The  Seventh 
Impression,  much  amended,  with  many  rare  Antiquities  never 
before  Imprinted.  By  the  Industry  and  Care  of  John  Philipot, 
Somerset  Herald,  and  W.  D.,  Gent.  London,  .  .  .  1674. 
(Reprint  of  1870 ;  Columbia  Library,  942  C  148.) 

Carter,  Matthew.  Honor  Rediviuus  or  an  Analysis  of  Honor 
and  Armory.  By  Matt :  Carter,  Esq.  London,  Printed  by  E. 
Coates.  1655.  (Columbia  Library,  AWI  C  24.) 

Dodridge,  John.  A  Consideration  of  the  office  and  dutye  of 
the  Herauldes  in  Englande,  drawne  out  of  sundrye  observations. 
By  John  Dodridge,  the  King's  Solicitor  Generall,  at  the  instance 
of  Hon.  E.  of  Northampton,  in  Aug.  1600.  (In  Hearne's  Collec- 
tion of  Curious  Discourses,  1720,  pp.  269-275.  New  York  Public 
Library,  CBA.) 

Feme,  John.  The  Blazon  of  Gentrie  :  Deuided  into  two 
parts.  The  first  named  The  Glorie  of  Generositie.  The  second, 
Lacyes  Nobilitie.  Comprehending  discourses  of  Armes  and  of 
Gentry.  Wherein  is  treated  of  the  beginning,  parts,  and  degrees 
of  Gentlenesse,  with  her  lawes  :  Of  the  Bearing,  and  Blazon  of 
Cote -Armors  :  Of  the  Lawes  of  Armes,  and  of  Combats.  Com- 
piled by  lohn  Feme,  Gentleman,  for  the  instruction  of  all 
Gentlemen  bearers  of  Armes,  whome  and  none  other  this  Worke 
concerneth.  At  London,  Printed  by  John  Windet,  for  Andrew 
Maunsell.  1586.  (Peabody  Library,  2796.) 

Glover,  Robert.  The  Visitation  of  Yorkshire  made  in  the 
years  1584/5  by  Robert  Glover,  Somerset  Herald  ;  to  which  is 

1  See  also  the  Bibliogranhy  of  the  Brooke-Camden  Controversy,  pp.  8637,  note. 


140  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

added  the  subsequent  Visitation  made  in  1612  by  Richard  St. 
George,  Norroy  King  of  Arms.  .  .  .  Edited  by  Joseph  Foster. 
.  .  .  Privately  Printed.  .  .  .  1875.  (Columbia  Library,  942. 
1Y8  G  51.) 

Guillim,  John.  A  Display  of  Heraldry  :  manifesting  more 
easie  access  to  the  knowledge  thereof  than  hath  been  hitherto 
published  by  any,  through  the  benefit  of  method ;  Whereunto 
it  is  now  reduced  by  the  Study  and  Industry  of  John  Guillim, 
late  Pursuivant  at  Arms.  The  fifth  edition  much  enlarged  with 
a  great  variety  of  bearings.  To  which  is  added  a  treatise  of 
Honour,  Military  and  Civil,  ...  by  Capt.  John  Logan. 
London,  Printed  by  S.  Roycroft  for  R.  Blome  ;  ...  MDC 
LXXIX.  (Columbia  Library,  929.6  G  94  Q.) 

Guillim,  John.  A  Display  of  Heraldry.  By  John  Guillim, 
Pursuivant  at  Arms.  The  Sixth  Edition.  Improv'd  with  large 
Additions  of  many  hundred  Coats  of  Arms.  ...  To  which  is 
added,  A  Treatise  of  Honour  Military  and  Civil  ...  by  Capt. 
John  Logan.  .  .  .  Likewise  a  Supplement  of  Scarce  Tracts  re- 
lating to  the  Office  of  Arms.  .  .  .  London.  .  .  .  M  DCC  XXIV. 
(N.  Y.  Public  Library,  *R.  Earlier  editions  appeared  in  1610, 
1632,  1638,  1660,  1664,  and  1666.) 

Hearne,  Thomas.  A  Collection  of  Curious  Discourses, 
written  by  Eminent  Antiquaries  upon  several  Heads  in  our 
English  Antiquities,  and  now  first  published  by  Thomas  Hearne, 
M.A.  Oxford,  Printed  at  the  Theatre.  M  DCC  XX.  (N.  Y. 
Public  Library,  CBA.  Other  editions,  in  two  volumes,  1771, 

I775-) 

Legh,  Gerard.  The  Accedens  of  Armory.  .  .  .  Imprynted 
at  London  in  flete-strrete  within  temple  Barre  at  the  signe  of 
the  hand  &  starre,  by  Richard  Tottel,  Anno  1576.  (Harvard 
Library,  10492.28.  Other  editions,  1562,  1568,  1572,  1591,  1597, 
and  1612.) 

Mirrovr  of  Maiestie.  The  Mirrovr  of  Maiestie :  or,  The 
Badges  of  Honovr  conceitedly  emblazoned ;  with  emblemes 
annexed,  poetically  vnfolded.  Nee  his  Plebecula  gaudet. 
London,  Printed  by  W.  J.  1618.  (A  Photolith  Fac-simile  Reprint 
from  Mr.  Corser's  Perfect  Copy,  A.D.  1618.  Edited  by  Henry 
Green,  M.A.,  and  James  Croston.  Published  for  the  Holbein 
Society,  ...  M  DCCC  LXX.  Harvard  Library,  28.141.) 

Peacham,  Henry.  The  Compleat  Gentleman.  .  .  .  By 
Henry  Peacham,  Master  of  Arts  :  Sometime  of  Trinitie  Colledge 
in  Cambridge.  .  .  .  London,  Printed  for  Francis  Constable, 


Select  Bibliography.  141 

and  are  to  bee  sold  at  his  shoppe  in  Pauls  Churchyard,  at  the 
signeof  the  Crane.  1634.  (N.  Y.  Public  Library,  SSD.  Earlier 
editions,  1621  [?],  1622,  1626,  1627.) 

Peacham,  Henry.  The  Gentlemans  Exercise,  ...  by 
Henry  Peacham,  Master  of  Artes.  London,  .  .  .  1634.  (N.  Y. 
Public  Library,  bound  with  the  Compleat  Gentleman  of  same 
date,  but  separately  paged.) 

Peacham,  Henry.  The  Compleat  Gentleman :  ...  To 
which  is  added  the  Gentlemans  Exercise.  ...  By  Henry 
Peacham,  Mr.  of  Arts,  Sometime  of  Trinity  Colledge  in 
Cambridge.  .  .  .  The  Third  Impression  much  inlarged,  espe- 
cially in  the  Art  of  Blazonry,  by  a  very  good  Hand.  London, 
Printed  by  E.  Tylor,  for  Richard  Thrale,  at  the  signe  of  the 
Cross-Keys  at  St.  Pauls  Gate,  1661.  (Columbia  Library,  P.  374 
B.  The  additions  are  said  to  be  by  Thomas  Blount.) 

Thynne,  Francis.  A  Discourse  of  the  Dutye  and  Office  of  an 
Heraulde  of  Armes,  written  by  Frauncis  Thynne,  Lancaster 
Heraulde,  the  third  daye  of  Marche,  anno  1605.  (In  Hearne's 
Collection  of  Curious  Discourses,  1720,  pp.  230-268.  N.  Y. 
Public  Library,  CBA.) 

Wyrley,  William.  The  True  Use  of  Amorie  Shewed  by 
Historic  and  plainly  proued  by  example  :  the  necessity  thereof 
also  discovered  :  with  the  manner  of  differings  in  ancient  time, 
the  lawfulness  of  honorable  funerals  and  moniments  :  with  other 
matters  of  Antiquitie  incident  to  the  aduancing  of  Banners, 
Ensignes  and  marks  of  noblenesse  and  cheualrie.  By  William 
Wyrley.  Imprinted  at  London  by  I.  lackson  for  Gabriell 
Cawood.  1592.  (Reprint  from  the  original  edition  1592, 
London,  1853;  Boston  Public  Library,  *4s86.2o  v  2 ;  Peabody 
Library,  2777. 

II.    GENERAL  REFERENCE. 

Boutell  and  Aveling.  Heraldry,  Ancient  and  Modern, 
including  Boutell's  Heraldry.  Edited  and  revised,  with 
additions  by  S.  T.  Aveling.  .  .  .  London.  .  .  .  1892.  (First 
edition  1873;  second,  1890.) 

Clark,  G.  T.  Article  on  Heraldry  in  the  Encyclopedia 
Britannica. 

Dallaway,  James.  Inquiries  into  the  Origin  and  Progress 
of  the  Science  of  Heraldry  in  England,  with  explanatory 
observations  on  armorial  ensigns,  by  James  Dallaway,  A.  M.,  of 


142  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Trinity  College,  Oxford,  and  fellow  of,  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries. Gloucester.  Printed  by  R.  Raikes,  for  B.  &  J.  White, 
Fleet  Street,  London,  M  DCC  XCIII.  (N.  Y.  Public  Library, 
1183  B  ;  Boston  Public  Library,  '4531. 6.) 

Noble,  Rev.  Mark.  A  History  of  the  College  of  Arms,  and 
the  lives  of  all  the  Kings,  Heralds,  and  Pursuivants,  from  the 
reign  of  Richard  III,  founder  of  the  College,  until  the  present 
time.  With  a  preliminary  dissertation  relative  to  the  different 
orders  in  England,  particularly  the  Gentry,  since  the  Norman 
Conquest.  Taken  from  records,  manuscripts,  and  other  most 
indisputable  authorities.  By  the  Rev.  Mark  Noble,  F.A.S.  of  L. 
and  E.  ...  Lond.on,  .  .  .  1804.  (Columbia  Library,  929.6 
N  66 ;  N.  Y.  Public  Library,  1183  B.) 

Planche',  J.  R.  The  Pursuivant  of  Arms ;  or,  Heraldry, 
Founded  upon  Facts.  By  J.  R.  Planche,  Esq.,  F.S. A.,  Somer- 
set Herald.  .  .  .  London :  Chatto  and  Windus,  Publishers. 
(Third  edition,  1873.) 

III.    EDITIONS  OF  JONSON. 

Works.    The  Works  of  Ben  Jonson  with  critical  and  explan- 
atory   notes    and  a    memoir  by  William   Gifford.     Edited   by 
Lieut.-Col.    Francis  Cunningham.      In   three  volumes.     .  .  . 
London.     Chatto  &  Windus.     .  .  . 

Alden.  .  .  .  Bartholomew  Fair  by  Ben  Jonson,  edited  with 
introduction,  notes,  and  glossary,  by  Carroll  Storrs  Alden,  Ph.D. 
.  .  .  New  York.  Henry  Holt  and  Company.  1904. 

Henry.  .  .  .  Epicoene  or  The  Silent  Woman  by  Ben  Jonson, 
edited  with  an  introduction,  notes,  and  glossary,  by  Aurelia 
Henry,  Ph.D.  .  .  .  New  York.  Henry  Holt  and  Company. 
1906. 

Mallory.  .  .  .  Poetaster  by  Ben  Jonson,  edited  with  an  in- 
troduction, notes,  and  glossary,  by  Herbert  S.  Mallory,  Ph.D. 
.  .  .  New  York.  Henry  Holt  and  Company.  1905. 

Winter.  .  .  .  The  Staple  of  News  by  Ben  Jonson,  edited 
with  introduction,  notes,  and  glossary,  by  De  Winter,  Ph.D. 
.  .  .  New  York.  Henry  Holt  and  Company.  1905. 


INDEX. 

IN    WHICH    is    INCLUDED   A    CONCORDANCE    OF    THE 

HERALDIC    TERMS    IN   JONSON'S    PLAYS, 

MASQUES,   AND   ENTERTAINMENTS. 


SIGNS  AND  ABBREVIATIONS. 

*    A  play  or  passage  that  requires  no  annotation. 
A  term  used  in  a  non-heraldic  sense ;  here  included  for  comparison. 


B.F.     Bartholomew  Fair. 

Barriers.    Barriers  at  the  Marriage  of 

of  the  Earl  of  Essex. 
Boh.    Love's  Welcome  at  Bolsover. 
Callip.     Love's    Triumph    Through 

Callipolis. 

Chal.  at  T.    A  Challenge  at  Tilt. 
CJ.A .     The  Case  is  Altered. 
Cat.    Catiline  His  Conspiracy. 
C.R.    Cynthia's  Revels. 
Epi.    Epicoene. 

E.M.I.    Every  Man  In  His  Humour. 
E.M.O.    Every    Man     Out    of    His 

Humour. 

F.I.(Mq.)    The  Fortunate  Isles. 
Hue  &  Cry.  Hue  and  Cry  AfterCupid. 
K.J.E.    King  James's  Entertainment. 
Merc.  Vind.    Mercury  Vindicated. 
Mq.  of  A .    Masque  of  Augurs. 


Mq.  of  Beauty.    Masque  of  Beauty. 

Mq.  of  Blk.    Masque  of  Blackness. 

Mq.  of  H.    Masque  of  Hymen. 

Mq.  of  M.G.  Masque  of  the  Meta- 
morphosed Gipsies. 

Mq.  of  O.    Masque  of  Oberon. 

Mq.  of  Q.    Masque  of  Queens. 

N.I.    The  New  Inn. 

NJ?.W.(Mq.)  News  from  the  New 
World. 

Pamgyre.  Panegyre  on  the  happy 
entrance  of  James. 

P.H.B.    Prince  Henry's  Barriers. 

Poet.    The  Poetaster. 

5.  ofN.    The  Staple  of  News. 

Tub.    A  Tale  of  a  Tub. 

Volp.    Volpone. 

Welbk.  Love's  Welcome  at  Wei- 
beck. 


Accessories. 

See  also:  Achievement,   Crest,  Wreath,    Helmet, 
Word  or  Motto,  Supporters,  Garter,  Badges 
or  Cognizances. 
Achievement. 

Of  a  duke.     Frontispiece. 
Of  a  baron.     Fig.  15. 
Of  a  knight.     Fig.  14. 

Accidence.    Accedens.     See  Legh,  Gerard. 
S.  of  N.,  2,  i ;  2,  292,    I  have  read  the  Elements 
and  Accidence. 


108 


144  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Alchemist,  The.* 
Alden,  Dr.  C.  S.     Editor  of  Bartholomew  Fair.  77,  78,  142 

Andrew's  Cross.     See  Saltier.     Fig.  6.  28 
Mq.  of  M.G.,  3, 141 .    Fingers    .  .  .    held  up  in  an 

Andrew's  Cross.  133 

Anne,     queen  of  James  I,  arms  of.     Fig.  2.  21 

Annulet.  30 

E.M.O.,3,  i;  i,  100.    Between  two  ann' lets  sable.  94,  98 

Argent.  15,  1 7 

E.M.O.,  3,  i  ;  i,  100.     On  a  chief  argent.  94,  98 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i ;  2,  322.     Argent,  three  leeks  vert.  119 

Armory,  Accedens  of,  see  Legh,  Gerard.  140 

Elements  of,  see  Bolton,  Edmond.  139 

True  Use  of,  see  Wyrley,  William.  141 

E.M.O.,  3,  T  ;  i,  100.     Full  of  armory.  92 

S.  of  N.,  2,  i ;  2,  292.     An  apprentice  in  armory.  108 

Arms,  Coats  of.  13 

College  of  Arms.  See  Heralds'  College.  61 
Power  to  grant  and  confirm  arms.  64,  65,  66-8 
Abuses  of  power ;  grant  of  arms  to  the  hangman 

of  London.  66-8 
Purchase  of  arms :   E.M.O.,  i,  I ;    I,  75  ;   and  3, 1 ; 

1,97.  89-90,  91 

Arms  of  Anne,  queen  of  James  I.  Fig.  2.  21 
Of  a  baron,  Sir  Thomas  West,  Baron  Grisley. 

Fig.  15.  56-8 
Of  Caesar.  31,  104 
Of  the  City  (London).  K.J.E.,  2,  559.  Fig.  24.  128-9 
Of  a  duke,  Thomas  Lord  Howard,  Duke  of  Nor- 
folk. Frontispiece.  54 
Of  England.  127 
Of  France.  31-2,  ^27 
Of  Ireland.  127 
Of  James  I.  Fig.  23.  128 
Of  the  kingdom.  127-8 
Of  a  knight.  Fig.  14.  52-3 
Of  La-Foole.  80,  82 
Of  London.  Fig.  24.  128-9 
Of  Marston,  John,  the  poet  and  dramatist.  Fig.  19.  100-4 
Of  Scotland.  127 
Of  Sogliardo.  Fig.  17  and  Fig.  18.  93-8 


Index.  145 

C.I. A.,  4,  4  ;  2,  544.     Our  arms  be  good  enough.* 

E.M.O.,  3,  i  ;  i,  97.     Has  lie  purchased  arms  then  ?  91 

E.M.O.,  3,  i  ;  i,  97.     Fit  him  with  legs  to  his  arms.  91 
E.M.O.,  3,  i.;  i,  100.     But  have   you  arms,   have 

you  arms  ?  92 

Poet.,  2,  i  ;  i,  217.     You  shall  see  my  arms.  100 
Poet.,  2,  i  ;  i,   218.     Vouchsafe  the   sight  of  my 

arms.  99 
Poet.,  2,  i  ;  i,  218.     Cri-spinas    .  .  .     expressed  in 

my  arms.  100 
S.  of  N.,  2,  i ;  2,  302.     Have  her  arms  set  up.* 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i  ;  2,  323.     Shall  give  us  all  our  arms.  121 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i ;  2,  324.     He  can  give  arms  and  marks.  121 

Tub.,  i,  3  ;  2,  445.     The  supporters  of  the  arms.  124,  126 

Volp.,  i,  i ;  i,  342.     Arms  engraved.  126 

K.J.E.,  2,  558.     Arms  of  the  kingdom.  127-8 

K.J.E.,  2,  559.     Arms  of  the  city.  128-9 

K.J.E.,  2,  562.     The  entire  arms  of  the  kingdom.  128-9 

Chal.  at  T.,  3,  88.     Those  arms  are  usurped.  I32~3 
See  Coats. 

Ass,  in   heraldry,   Gerard   L,egh's  commenda- 
tion of.  75 

Azure.  15,  1 7 

Epi.,  i,  i  ;  i,  411.     Or,  checkered  azure  and  gules.  80,  82 
E.M.O.,  3,    i  ;    i,    ico.     Gyrony    of  eight  pieces, 

azure  and  gules.  94,  96 
S.  of  N.,  4,    i ;   2,   321.     In  a  field  azure,  a  sun 

proper.  117 
Mq.  of  Elk.,  3,  4.     The  colours,  azure  and  silver.* 

Welbk.,  3,  215.     Azure  and  gules  quarterly.  135 

Badges;  and  Royal  Badges.  58,  59 

Feather  badge  of  the  Prince  of  Wales.     Fig.  25.  130-1 

C.I. A.,  4,  4  ;  2,  544.     What  badge  shall  we  give?  78 

Baron,  achievement  of.     Fig.  15.  56-8 

Baron  and  femme.  38 

Bartholomew  Fair.  77 

Edition  by  Dr.  C.  S.  Alden.  77,  142 

Beamy.  118 
S.  of  N.,  4,  i  ;  2,  321.     A  sun  proper  beamy  twelve 

of  the  second.  117,118 

Bear.  13 

Epi.,  i,  i;  i,  411.     We  do  bear  for  our  coat.  80,  82 


146  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Epi.,  4,  2;  I,  448.     Make  you  bear  a  blow  over  the 

mouth  gules.  83 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  321.     He  bears.  117 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  322.  She  bears.  119 

Bezant.  30 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  322.    What  be  these? — Bezants?  118,  119 

Black  Prince.     P.H.B.,  3,  67.  130 

Blazon;  to  blazon;  to  blaze.  16 

Blazon  of  tinctures.  17-18 

Rules  for.  18 

C.R.,  2,  i;  i,  162.     Colour  upon    colour    ...     an 

ill  blazon.  79 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     You  can  blazon  the  rest.  94 
N.I.,  i,  i;  2,  343.     The  blazon  of  a  gentleman.* 
N.I.,  3,  2;  2,  365.     Thy  blazon's  false.* 

Poet.,  i,  i;  i,  212.     They  are  blazoned  there.  99 
S,  of  N.,4,  i;  2,  321.    I  know  it,   if  I  hear  the 

blazon.  117 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  322.     Blaze,  sir,  that  coat.  119 
Mq.  of  Q. ,  3,  60.     Not  though  her  loudest  trumpet 

blaze  your  peace. *t 

Bloody  toe.  100-4 
Poet.,  2,  i;  i,  218.    A  bloody  toe  between  three 

thorns  pungent.  100-4 
Blue-mantle  pursuivant.                                                       62-3,  105 
Boar.                                                                                31,  44-5,  52-3 
E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  loo.     It    is  your  boar  without  a 
head  rampant.     A  boar  without  a  head, 
that's  very  rare!  93 
Boar's  head.  31 
E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     A  boar's  head  proper.  94,  98 
Bohemian.     P.H.B.,   3,   67.     From  the  Bohe- 
mian crown.  130 
Bolton,  Edmond.     His  Elements  of  Armories, 

1610.  4,  6,  108-9,  139 

Dr.  Winter's  note  on.  108-9 

Borough  of  Borough,  arms  and  pedigree.  43~5 

Brooke,  or  Brookesmouth,  Ralph,  York  herald.  66,  67 

Controversy  with   Camden;   and    a    bibliography 

thereof.  85-7 
Buried  with  heralds.                                                         64,  65,  70-2 


Index.  147 

S.  of  N.,  i,  2;  2,  288.     Buried  with  the  trumpeters.  105-8 
See  Funerals. 

Buy.  66-7 

E.M.O.,  I,  i;  I,  75.     You  may  buy  one.  89,  90 

Cadency,  Marks  of;  see  Differences.  35 

Caesar.    Arms  of ,  according  to  Legh.  31,  104 

Poet.,  5,  i;  i,  253.     Does  not  Caesar  give  the  eagle?  104 

Camden,  William.    E.M.I.,  Dedication;  i,  i.  83 

Appointment  as  Clarencieux.  84 

Controversy  with  Brooke;  bibliography  thereof.  85-7 

Trouble  over  deputies;  letter  to  Cotton.  86-8 

Death  and  will.  88 

References  to  Bolton's  Elements.  4,  108,  109 

Remains  concerning  Britain.  4,  139 

Officiates    at    the    degredation    of    Sir    Francis 

Mitchell.  123 

Canton.  29 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  322.   Three  leeks  vert  in  canton  or.  119,  120 

Carter,  Matthew.     His  Honor  Rediviuus.  6,  139 

Case  Is  Altered,  The.  78 

Catiline,  His  Concpiracy.  79 

Charges.     Charged.  26 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.    A  very  fair  coat,  well  charged.  92 

Hue  &  Cry,  3,  37.     Two  pilasters,  charged.* 

Chaucer.    Deposition  in  the  Scrope-Grosvenor 

trial.  133 

Checkered.     Checquy.  82,  96 
Epi.,  i,  i;  i,  411.     Yellow,  or  or,  checkered  azure 

and  gules.  80,  82 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     A  chevron  engrailed  checquy.  94,  96 

Chester  herald.  62 

Chevron.     Fig.  4.     Fig.  6.  24,  28 

E.M.O.,3,  i;  1,100.     A  chevron  engrailed  checquy.  94,  96 
Mq.  of  Blk. ,  3,  4.     A  chevron  of  lights. t  * 
Mq.  of  H.,  3,  29.   Cheveroned  all  over  with  lace.t  * 

Chief.     Fig.  3.     Fig.  6.  23,  27-8 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     On  a  chief  argent.  94,  96 

Poet.,  2,  i ;  i,  218.     A  face  crying  in  chief.  100 
S.  of  N.,  2,  i;  2,  301.     My  nephew  and  my  chief, 
the  point, 

Tip,  top,  and  tuft  of  all  our  family.  113-14 
Cicero.    Cat.,  2,  i;  2,  92.     Cicero,     ...    a  mere 

upstart.  79 


148  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

City  of  London,    Arms  of,  Fig.  24  127-9 
K.J.E. ,  2,  559.     On  the  other  side,  the  arms  of  the 

city.  127,  128 

Clapham  of  Beamsley,  arms  and  pedigree.  39-4 T 

Clarencieux,  king  of  arms.  62,63 

See  Camden,  William.  83-8 
E.M.I.,  Dedication ;  i,  I.    To  the  most  learned, 
and  my  honoured  friend,  Master  Camden, 

Clarencieux.  83-4 

Coat    Coat  of  Arms.    Coat-armour.  13 

Cat.,  2,  i;  2,  92.    No  pedigree,  no  house,  no  coat.  79 

Epi.,  i,  i;  i,  411.    W~e  do  bear  for  our  coat  80,  82 

Epi.,  i,  i;  i,  411.    Which  is  a  very  noted  coat  80,  82 
E.M.O.,  i,  i;  i,  75.    I'll    give    coats,    that's  my 

humour.t  89-90 
E.M.O.,  i,  i;  i,  75.    A  coat^of  arms  to  fit  you.  89 
E.M.O.,  i,  i;  i,  75.     I'll    .  .  .    have  a  most  prodi- 
gious coat.  89 
E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  97.     Of  [as  many  colours  as  e'er 

you  saw  any  fool's  coat  in  your  life.t  91 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.    A  very  fair  coat  well  charge.  92 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  321.     Here  is  his  coat.  117 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  322.    That  is  our  coat,  too.  119 

S.  of  P.,  4,  i;  2,  322.     Blaze,  sir,  that  coat.  119 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  325.     Reverse  his  coat-armour.  122-3 

Tub.,  i,  3;  2,  445.     Yes,  minor  coats.  124 

Tub.,  i,  3;  2,  445.     The  coat-armour  of  his  place.  124,  126 
K.J.E.,  2,  556.    The  particular  coat  of  England, 
...    of  Scotland.     ...     Of  France  and 

Ireland.  127 
See  Arms. 

Cognizance.    See  Badge.  58-60 
E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  97.     Against   his  cognizance  was 

ready.  91 

Collar.  55 
F.I.(Mq.),  3,  193.    You  will  have  your  collar  sent 

you.* 

College  of  Anns.    See  Heralds'  College. 

Colour.  15,  17 
C.R.,  2,  i;  i,  162.     Colour  upon  Colour    ...    an 

ill  blazon.  79 


Index.  149 

Epi.,  i,  i;  i,  411.     And  some  three  or  four  colours 

more.  80,  82 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  1,97.     Of  as  many  colours  as    e'er 

you  saw.  91 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     Much  variety  of  colours  in  it.  92,  93 

Mq.  of  Blk.,   4.     The  colours,  azure  and  silver.* 
See  Tinctures. 

Common  Charges.  3°~35 

Composition  of  Tinctures.  20 

Cotton,  Sir  Robert,     Camden's  letter  to.  87-8 

Crest.  50 

Of  the  Prince  of  Wales  (properly,  a  badge) .  Fig.  25.  130-31 

Of  Sogliardo  :  E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     A  boar  with- 
out a  head,  rampant.  93 
E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     How  like  you  the  crest,  sir?  93 
E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     Your  crest  is  very  rare,  sir.  94 
E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     A  frying-pan  to  the  crest  had 

had  no  fellow.  94 

P.H.B.,  3,  67.     Which  after  for  his  crest  he  did 

preserve.  130-1 

Webster,  The  Duchess  of  Malfi,  4,  2.  You  do  give 
for  your  creast  a  woodcockes  head,  with 
the  braines  pickt  out  on't.  I 

Crispinus,     Arms  of.     Poet.,  2,  i;  I,  218  99-100 

Relation  of,  to  the  arms  or  name  of  John  Marston: 
opinions  of  Mr.  F.  G.  Fleay,  Dr.  B.  Nich- 
olson, Rev.  A.  B.  Grosart,  Dr.  H.  S.  Mai- 
lory,  and  the  present  writer.  100-4 
Cross.     Fig.  6.                                                                             27,  28 
B.F.,  i,  i;  2,  153.     Cross  and  pile.t  77 
P.H.B.,  3,  67.     And  marches  through  it  with  St. 

George's  cross.  130 

Mq.  of  M.G.,  3,  141.     Fingers      .  .  .      held   up   in 

an  Andrew's  cross.  133 

Cullisen.     Cullison.     See  Badge,  Cognizance.  58-60 

C.I. A.,  4,  4;  2,  544.     What  badge   shall    we    give, 

what  cullison  ?  78 

E.M.O.,  i,  i;  i,  75.     I  lack  a  cullisen.  89,  90 

Cynthia's  Revels.  79 

Dallaway ,  Rev.  James.  68,  69,  70,   141 

Dancettee.     In  the  arms  of  Marston.  100-4 

Darby-House,  or  Derby-House.     See  Heralds' 
Office. 


150  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Degradation.     S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  325.       .  122-3 

Demi-greyhound.     In  the  arms  of  Marston.  100-4 
The  Devil  is  an  Ass.* 

Dexter.     See  :  Points  of  the  Shield.  23 

Differences.  35-6 

C.I.  A.   i,  3;  2,  526.     Didst  thou  ne'er  read  in  differ- 
ence of  good 

'Tis  more  to  shine  in  virtue. than  in  blood  ?  t  * 

Mq.  of  Blk.,  3,  4.     Without  difference.* 

Bols.,  3,  221.     Differenced  by  their  garlands  only.  136 
Dodridge,  John:     A  consideration  of  the  office 

and  dutye  of  the  Herauldes  in  Englande.          62-4,    139 
Dormant.     Tub.,  4,    3;    2,   469.       His    trestles 

dormant.** 

Dragon.  31 

Tub.,  i,  3;  2,  445.     A  dragon  and  a  greyhound  for 

the  supporters.  124-5 

Dransfield  of  Stubbs  Walden,  arms  and  pedigree.  41-2 

Duke,  achievement  of.     Frontispiece.  54 

Eagle.  31 

Poet.,  5,  i;  i,  253.     Does  not  Caesar  give  the  eagle?  104 

Earl  Marshal.  54,  6 1 
Elements.     See  Bolton.                                          4,  6,  108-9,  J39 

S.  of  X.,  2,  i;  2,  292.     I  have  read  the  Elements.  108-9 
Elizabeth,  Queen.                                                      19,  66,  125,  127 

Emblazon,  distinguished  from  "to  blazon."  94 

England,  coat  of .     K.J.E-,  2,  556.  127 

Badge  of.     See  Rose. 

Engrailed.     E.M.O.,  3,  i;   i,    100.     A  chevron 

engrailed.  94,  96 

Epicoene,  or  The  Silent  Woman.  80 

Edition  by  Dr.  Aurelia  Henry.  142 

Ermine.  15 

In  the  arms  of  Marston.  100-4 

Ermins.  15 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.   Checquy,  or,  vert,  and  ermins.  94,96 

Escutcheon.     See  Shield.  13 

C.I. A.,  4,  4;  2,  544.     A  gudgeon!  a  scutcheon,  thou 

wouldst  say.  78 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     The  most     .  .  .     ridiculous 

escutcheon.  94 

Escutcheon  of  Pretense.  38,  39 

Every  Man  In  His  Humour.  83 

Every  Man  Out  of  His  Humour.  89 


Index.  151 

Face.   Poet.,  2,  i;  i,  218.   A  face  crying  in  chief .  100-4 

Feather  Badge  of  the  Prince  of  Wales.    Fig.  25.  130-1 
P.H.B.,  3,  67.      The   plume      .  .  .     ^with   this  fit 

word,  'I  serve.'  130-1 

Feme,  John.     His  Blazon  of  Gentrie,  1586.  4,  6,  139 

Fesse.     Fig.  3.     Fig.  4.     Fig.  6.  23,  24,  26,  28 

In  the  arms  of  Marston.  100-4 

Field.  13-14 
E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     Hog's  cheek  and  puddings 

in  a  pewter  field.  94 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,321.    In  a  field  azure,  a  sun  proper.  117 

First,  of  the.  18 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  322.     Tasselled  of  the  first.  119,  121 

Fleay,  Mr.  F.  G.  loo,  103-4 

Fleur-de-lis.     Fig  9.  31-2 

In  the  arms  of  Marston.  100-4 
See  Lily. 

Fool's  Coat.    E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  97.  91,  92 

See  also  Arms  of  La  Foole.  80,  82 

France,  arms  of.  127 

See  under  Fleur-de-lis.  31-2 

K.J.E.,  2,  556.     Coats  of  France  and  Ireland.  127 

Funerals,  heraldic.  64,  65,  70-1 

Frequency,  71;  Expense  of,  72;  Jonson  on,  73. 
S.  of  N.,  i,  2;  2,  288.     Buritd  with  the  trumpeters 

.  .  .     the  heralds  at  arms.  105,  106 
Evasion  of  requirements,  107;  the  Conquest  case,  107. 

Dr.  Winter's  note.  107-8 

Furs.  15 

Gardant  or  Guardant.  34 

See  also  Fig.  16.  81 

C.R.,  3,  3;  i,  170.     If  she  be  guardant  here.  80 

Garter,  the  Order  of;  and  its  insignia.  55 

Shakspere  on:     Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  5,  5.  55-6 

K.J.E.,  2,  562.     Arms     .  .  .     with  the  garter.  128-9 

Mq.  of  M.G.,  3,  145.     The  George  and  the  Garter.  133 

Garter  king  of  arms.  62 
See  also,  Segar,  Sir  William. 

Gentleman.     Definition  of.  92,  123 
E.M.O.,   Character    of    the   Persons;    I,   63.       So 
enamoured  of  the  name  of  a  gentleman 
that  he  will  have  it,  though  he  buys  it.* 

E.M.O.,  i,  i;  i,  75.     These  mushroom  gentlemen.  89 


152  Heralds   &   Heraldry, 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     I  can   write   myself  gentle- 
man now.  92 
N.I.,  i,  i;  2,  343.     The  blazon  of  a  gentleman.* 
Poet.,  2,  i ;  i,  217.     Your  legs  do  sufficiently  show 

you  are  a  gentleman  born.* 

S.  of  N.,4,  i;  2,  325.    Nullify  him  for  no  gentleman.  122-3 

George,  The.  55 

Mq.  of  M.G.,  3,  145.     The  George  and  the  Garter.  55,  133 

George's  cross,  Saint.     Fig.  6.     Fig.  24.  27-8 

P.H.B.,   3,   67.       Marches    through    it    with    St. 

George's  cross.  130 

Geronne;  or  Gyrony.     Fig.  4.  24 
E.M.O.,   3,    i;    i,  loo.      Gyrony  of  eight  pieces, 

azure  and  gules.  94 

Gifford,  William.     See  Editions  of  Jonson.  142 
His  note  on  the  heraldic  terms  in   S.  of  N.,  4,  i; 

2,321-2.  114-15 
His  incorrect  definition   of   "To  blazon,"  Poet., 

i,  i;  i,  212.  99 

Give.     (To  bear.)  13 

C.I. A.,  4,  4;  2,  544.     What  badge  shall  we  give?  78 

Poet.,  5,  i;  i,  253.   Does  not  Caesar  give  the  Eagle?  104 

Give.     (To  grant.)  64,  65,  66-8 

C.I. A.,  4,   4;   2,   544.     Some   harrot  of  arms     .  .  . 

shall  give  us  a  gudgeon.  78 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  323,     Shall  give  us  all  our  arms.  121 

S.  of  N.,  4, 152  ,  324.     He  can  give  arms  and  marks.  121 

Glover,  Robert.     His  Visitation  of  Yorkshire.  39,  139 

His  rules  of  marshalling.  38-9 

Greyhound.  32 

Tub.,  i,  3;  2,  445.     A  dragon  and  a  greyhound  for 

the  supporters.  124-5 

Demi-greyhound,  in  the  arms  of  Marston.  100-4 

Grosart,  Rev.  A.  B.  101 

Gudgeon.     (Escutcheon.)     See  Shield.  13 

C.I. A.,  4,  4;  2,  544.     A  gudgeon!  a  scutcheon  thou 

wouldst  say,  man.  78 

Guillim,  John.     His  Display  of  Heraldry.  4,  6,  140 

Editions  of.  6,  note 

Gules.  15,   17 

Epi.,  i,  i;  i,  411.     Or,  checkered  azure  and  gules.  So,  82 

Epi.,  4,  2;  i,  448.     Bear  a  blow  over  the    mouth 

gules.  83 


Index.  153 

E.M.O.,  3,    i;    i,    100.     Gyrony  of  eight  pieces, 

azure  and  gules.  94.5 

"\Velbk.,  3,  215.     Azure  and  gules,  quarterly.  135 

Gyrony.     Geronne.     Fig.  4.  24 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     Gyrony  of  eight  pieces.  94 

Harrot.     See  Heralds,  below. 

Hatchments.     See  Achievements. 
S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  325.    Pluck  down  his  hatchments.  122,  123 

Helmet.  51-2 

Henrietta  Maria,  queen  of  Charles  I.  32,  134,  135,  136 

Henry,  Dr.  Aurelia.     Editor  of  Epicoene.  77,  142 

Note  on  Epi.,  3,  2;  i,  433.  82-3 

Note  on  Epi.,  4,  2;  i,  448.  83 

Reference  to  S.  of  N.,  i,  2;  2,  288.  70,  82-3 

Heralds  ;  and  the  Heralds'  College.  61-73 

Membership  :  kings,  heralds,  pursuivants.  61-3 

Duties  of,  defined  by  Dodridge.  63-4 

Duties  of,  denned  by  Thynne.  64-6 

Conferring  of  arms.  64,  65,  66-8 

Recording  and  certifying  of  pedigrees.  64,  64,  68-70 

Supervision  of  funerals.  64,  65,  70-2,  106-8 

Jonson's  attitude  toward  heralds  and  heraldry.  73 

Alchem.,  4,  i;  2,   47.     No  herald,  no,  nor  anti- 
quary,  .  .  .  shall  do  it  better.* 

C.I. A.,  4,  4;  2,  544.     Some  harrot  of  arms.  78 

Epi.,  3,  2;  i,  433.     Sent  for  the  heralds.  82-3 

E.M.I.,  i,  3;  i,  10.     The  harrot's  book.  89 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     Among  the  harrots  yonder.  92 

N.I.,  2,  2;  2,  360.     Queen  of  heralds.* 

Poet.,  i,  i;  i,  212.     Need  no  other  heralds.  99 

Poet.,  4,  i;  i,  239.    A  poet?  .  . .  no,  .  .  .   a  herald.* 
Poet.,  4,  i;  i,  239.     A  herald  at  arms  !  good  !* 
Poet.,  4,  3;  i,  242.     Some  wine,  king  of  heralds.* 
Poet.,  4,  3;  i,  243.     Mercury,  our  herald.* 
S.  of  N.,  i,  2;  2,  288.     Buried  with  the  trumpeters 

.  .  .  the  heralds  of  arms.  105,  106-8 

S.  of  N.,  i,  2;  2,  289.     Master  Piedmantle,  the  fine 

herald.* 
S.  of  N.,  2,  i;  2,  292.     A  herald  at  arms?  .  .  .  No, 

sir,  a  pursuivant.* 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  321.     Her  grace's  herald?  .  .  .    No 
herald  yet,  a  heraldet.* 


154  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  324.     Do  not  I  lore  a  herald?  73,  121 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  324.     Were  he  a  learned  herald.  73,  121 

S.  of  N.,  4,   i;  2,  325.     Master  Piedmantle,    her 

grace's  herald.  122 

Panegyre,  2,  569.     The  fittest  herald  to  proclaim 

true  joys.* 

Barriers,  3,  31.     Best  herald  of  thine  own  birth.* 
Mq.  of  O.,  3,  77.     The  herald  of  the  day,  bright 

Phosphorus.* 

N.N.W.  (Mq.),  3,  134.     Enter  two  heralds.* 
Mq.  of  A.,   3,   1 66.      The  heralds  of  his  highest 

will.* 

Welbk.,  3,  215.     A  taberd,  or  herald's  coat.  135 

Welbk.,  3,  216.     Father  Fitz -Ale,  herald  of  Darby.  135 

Welbk.,  3,  217.     His  horse  it  is  the  herald's  weft.* 

Heralds'  Office.     Derby  House.  90 

E.M.O.,  2,  i;  i,  90.     You   shall   have   me   at  the 

heralds'  office.  90 

E.M.O.,  2,  2;  i,  95.     They  shall  have  him  at  the 

heralds'  office  yonder,  by  Paul's.  90 

E.M.O.,  3.  i;  i,  97.     He   is  at  the  heralds'  office 

yonder.  91 

S.  of  N.,  2.  i;  2,  292.     Search  your  office;  roll  five 

and  twenty,  you  will  find  it  so.* 

Heraldry.  I3~73 

Antiquity  of,  according  to  Legh.  104 

N.I.,  4,  3;  2,  378.     Is  this  your  heraldry  and  keep- 
ing of  records?* 

"Honi  soil  qui  mal  y  pense."  55.  56 

Honorable  Ordinaries.     Fig.  6.  26-9 

Howard.  Thomas,  Dukes  of  Norfolk.  54,  66,  90 

Ireland,  arms  of.     K.J.E.,  2,  556.  127 

"I  serve."     Motto  of  the  Black  Prince.  52 

P.H.B.,  3,  67.     His  crest     .  .  .     with  this  fit  word, 

"I  serve."  130-1 

James  I.  67,  127 

Arms  of.     Fig.  23.  128 

King  James's  Entertainment.  127 

Kings  of  Arms.  62,  63,  64-6 

N.I.,  2,  2;  2,  354.     A  host  who  should  be  king  at 

arms  and  cert-monies  in  his  own  house.  99 

N.I.,  3,  2;    2,    365.     Foolish   queen    at   arms,   thy 
blazon's  false.* 


Index.  155 

Kingdom,  the  arms  of  the.     Fig.  23.  127-8 

K.J.E.,  2,  558.     The  arms  of  the  kingdom  on  the 

one  side.  127 

K.J.E.,  2,  562.     The  entire  arms  of  the  kingdom, 

with  the  garter,  crown,  and  supporters.  128-9 

Knight,  achievement  of.     Fig.  14.  52-3 

Label.     Fig.  7.  32 

S.  of  N.,    i,    2;   2,   288.      Ribands    laid    out    like 

labels,  t  ?  33,  35 ,  1 06 

Mq.  of  H.,  3,  29.     Their  labels  were  of  white  cloth 

of  silver.t  * 
Mq.  of  H.,  3,  29.     Silver  greaves,  answering  to  the 

work  of  their  labels,  t  * 
Welbk.,  3,  215.     A  label     .  .  .     advertising.t  * 

Lancaster  herald.  62,  63 

See  also,  Thynne,  Francis. 

Lancaster,  Rose  of.     See  Rose. 

Lawson  of  Borough,  arms  and  pedigree.  44-5 

Leek.  33,  119,  120 

Shakspere's  Fluellen  on  Leeks,  King  Hemy    V, 

4,  7.  120 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  322.     Argent,  three  leeks  vert  in 

canton  or,  tasselled  of  the  first.  119,  120 

Legh,  Gerard.     His  Accedens  of  Armory,  1576.  140 

Mention   of   by    Jonson,    Camden,   Guillim,    and 

others.  4-6 

Specimen  page  from.     Fig.  I.  5 

Other  illustrations  from.     Frontispiece  and  pp. 

25.53.  57,  Si,  112,  117 

Editions  of.  6,    note;  108 

Summary  of :  scholarship;  sources;  digressions; 
discussion  of  the  shield,  of  charges,  of 
achievements,  of  miscellaneous  topics.  7-11 

Critical  estimate  of.  11-12 

S.  of  N.,  2,  i;  2,  292.   The  Elementsand  Accidence 

and  all  the  leading  books.  108-9 

Description  of.  108 

Dr.  Winter's  note  on.  108-9 

Lennard,  Samson,  Blue-mantle  pursuivant.  105 

Lily.     See  also,  Fleur-de-lis. 
Mq.  of  H*.,  3,  23.     Lilies  and  roses.t  * 
F.I.  (Mq.),  3,  198.     The  bright  Lily  and  the  Rose.  134 


156  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Callip.,  3,  203.     Lilies  and  roses  twining  together.  59 

Callip.,  3,  203.     The  Rose  and  Lily  so  delicious.  134 

Bols.,  3,  221.     Hey  for  the  Lily.  135 

Bols.,  3,  221.     Lilies,     .  .  .     gold,  silver,  purple.  136 

Lion.  33 

Rampant.     Fig.  5.  25,  33 

Passant,  guardant,  regardant.     Fig.  16.  34,  80,  81 

London,  arms  of.    Fig.  24.  128,  129 

K.J.E.,  2,  559.     On  the  other  side,  the  arms  of  the 

city.  127,  128 

Lord-Lyon,  King-at-Arms.  62-3 

Love's  Triumpli  through  Callipolis.  134 

Love's  Welcome  at  Bolsover.  135 

Love's  Welcome  at  Welbeck.  134 

Lozenge.    Fig.  2  and  Fig.  13  21-2,  48 

Lozengy.    Fig.  21.  in,  112 
Magnetic  Lady,  The.* 

Mallory,  Dr.  H.  S.,     Editor  of  The  Poetaster.  77,  142 

Note  on  Poet.,  i,  i;  i,  212.  99 

Note  on  Poet.,  2,  i;  i,  218.  100 

Note  on  the  arms  of  Crispinus.  101 

Mantel.     Manteling.  52 

Marmion.     Quotation  from  IV,  vi,  vii.  62-3 

Mars,  an  heraldic  term  for  red.  17-18 

In  Mr.  Fleay's  explanation  of  the  arms  of  Crispinus.  100,  103 

Marshalling.  37~49 

Baron  and  femrne  ;  and  quartering.  38 

Rules  of  Robert  Glover,  Somerset  herald.  38-9 

Examples  of  Marshalling : 

Clapham  of  Beamsley.  39~4I 

Dransfield  of  Stubbs  Walden.  41-2 

Borough  and  Lawson.     Fig.  10-12.  42-5 

The  Lady  Pecunia.     Fig.  13.  45-9 

Messengers  of  the  chamber.    Pursuivants.  124 

Tub.,  1,3;    2,    445.     Observed   the   messengers   of 

the  chamber.  124 

Metals.  15,  i? 
Metal  upon  metal,  in  the  Welsh  coat  of  the  Lady 

Pecunia.  20,  115,  120-1 

C.R.,  2,  i;  i,  162.     Here  comes  metal  to  help  it.  79 

Mirrovr  of  Maiestie,  The.    1618.  140 

Arms  of  Anne,  queen  of  James  I.    Fig.  2.  21 


Index. 


157 


Arms  of  James  I.     Fig.  23. 

Feather  Badge  of  Charles  I,  as  Prince  of  Wales. 
Fig-  25. 

Mitchell,  Sir  Francis. 

Mortimer,  The  Fall  of.* 

Motto.     Word. 

New  Inn,  The. 

Nicholson,  Dr.  B. 

Nicolas,    Sir   Nicholas   Harris. 

Noble,  Rev.  Mark. 

Norroy  king  of  arms. 
See  also,  St.  George,  Sir  Richard. 

Nullify.    See  Degradation. 

S.    of    N.,    4,    i;    2,    325.     Nullify    him    for    no 
gentleman. 

Office,  Heralds'.    Derby  House. 
S.  of  N.,  2,  i;  2,  292.     Search  your  office.* 

Or. 
Epi.,  i,  i;  i,  411.     Yellow,  or  or,  checkered  azure 

and  gules. 
E.M.O.,  3.   i;   i,   loo.      Checquy,    or,   vert,  and 

ermins. 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  321.     The  Duke  of  Or. 
S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  322.     Our  coat  ...  as  we  come 

from  Or. 
S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  322.     In  canton  or. 

Ordinaries  Generall.     Subordinaries. 

Order.    Insignia. 
F.  I.  (Mq.),  3,  193.     There's  your  order. 

Pale.     Fig.  4.     Fig.  6. 
Welbk.,  3,  215.     Party  per  pale. 

Partitions.     Fig.  4. 

Party  per  pale. 
Welbk.,  3,  215.     Party  per  pale. 

Passant.    Fig.  16. 
C.R.,  3,  35   i,   i?0-     Put  the  case  she  should  be 

passant. 

S.  of  N.,  i,  2;  2,  282.     Is  this  same  hat  of  the 
block  passant?     [currant,  present.]t* 

Patent,  granting  arms. 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  loo.     Here's  my  patent,  it  cost  me 
thirty  pound. 


128 


122-3 

52 
99 

IOO-2 

85,87 

106-7,  142 

62 

122-3 

122-3 
90,   91 

15,  17 
80,  82 

94,96 

1x6 

119 

119,  1  20-1 
29 

55 

55 

23,  24,  26,  28 

134-5 

23-5 

23,  24,  38 

134-5 
33-4,  80,  81 

80 


65 
92 


1 58  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Peacham,  Henry.  6,  140-1 

The  Compleat  Gentleman.  140-1 

The  Gentleman's  Exercise.  141 
Pecunia,  Lady.    Character  in  The  Staple  of 

News.  114-21 
Pedigree  and  arms  of.     Fig.  13.                                       45-9.  114-21 
Pedigrees;  duty  of  heralds  to  record.                        64,68-70 

Pedigree  of  Clapham  of  Beamsley.  39~4* 

Pedigree  of  Dransfield  of  Stubbs  Walden.  41-2 

Pedigree  of  Borough  of  Borough.  43-5 

Pedigree  of  Lawsonvof  Borough.  44-5 

Pedigree  of  Aurelia  Clara  Pecunia,  the  Infanta.  45~9 
Cat.,   2,   i;    2,   92.     A   mere  upstart  that  has  no 

pedigree.  79 
E.M.I.,    i,   3;    i,    10.     My    pedigree  ...    by  the 

harrot's  book.  89 
N.I.,   5,  i;   2,   382.     Thou   know'st  her  pedigree 

then?* 
Poet.,  i,  i;  i,  212.     There  they  are   tricked,  they 

and  their  pedigrees.  99 
S.  of  N.,  2,  i;  2,  292.     Sir,  I  have  drawn  a  pedigree 

for  her  grace.* 
S.   of  N.,   4,   i;   2,   321.     Enter  Piedmantle  with 

Pecunia's  pedigree.  114 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  321-2.     (Gifford's  note  on.)  114-15 

S.  of  N.,  4.  i;  2,  321.     My  pedigree?  115 

Per  pale.  23 

Welbk.,  3,  215.     Party  per  pale.  J34-5 

Piedmantle.     Character    in    The    Staple    of 

News.  105-23 
Name  suggested  by  the  title  "Blue-mantle".  105 
Dr.  Winter's  interpretation  of  the  name.  no 
S.  of  N.,  Dram.   Pers.;   2,  278.     Piedmantle,  pur- 
suivant at  arms.  105 
Pile.  29 
B.  F.,  i,  i;  2,  153.     Cross  and  pile.t  29,  78 
Plate.  34 
E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     Between  three  plates.  94,  96 
Plume.     Feather  Badge.     Fig  25.  130-1 
P.H.B.,  3,  67.     Tears  from  the  Bohemian  crown 

the  plume.  130-1 

Poetaster,  The.  99 


Index.  159 

Edition  by  Dr.  H.  S.  Mallory.  I42 

Points  of  the  shield.     Fig.  3.  22,  23 

Portcullis  pursuivant.  62,  63 

Pretense,   Escutcheon  of.  38,  39 

Proper.  18 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     A  boar's  head  proper.  94,  98 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  321.     A  sun  proper.  117,118 

Pungent.  Ioo 

Poet.,  2,   i ;   i,  218.     A  bloody  toe  between  three 

thorns  pungent.  100 

Purchased  arms.  66-8,  89,  90 

E.M.O.,   3,   i;    i,   97.      What,   has  he  purchased 

arms,  then?  91 

Purpure.  15,  17 

See  also  the  note  on  "Sanguine,"  S.  of  N.,  2,  i; 

2,  292.  109-13 

Pursuivants.  62-3 

Not  all  pursuivants  were  members  of  the  Heralds' 

College.  78,  124  126 

B.F.,  i,    i;  2,   158.      Mistake  an  honest,   zealous 

pursuivant  for  a  seminary.  78 

S.  of  N.,  Dram.  Pers.;  2,  278.  Piedmantle,  pursuivant 

at  arms.  105 

S.  of  N.,  2,  i;  2,  292.     A  pursuivant,  my  name  is 

Piedmantle.* 

Tub.,  2,  i;  2,  454.     Enter     ...     Metaphor  disguis- 
ed as  a  pursuivant.  126 
Tub.,  2,  i;  2,  455.     He  is  a  pursuivant  a  arms.* 

(The  word  occurs  four  times  more  on  the 
same  page.)* 
Tub.,  2,  i;  2,  456.     You  are  a  pursuivant?  * 

(The  word  occurs  twice  more  on  the  same 
page.)* 

Quartering.     See  Marshalling.  37~49 

Quarterly.    Fig.  4.  24 

Welbk.,  3,  215.     Azure  and  gules,  quarterly.  135 

Queen  Anne,  consort  of  James  I.  21 

Queen    Elizabeth.     See  Elizabeth. 
Queen  at  Arms.     Cf .  King  at  Arms. 
N.I.,  2,  2;  2,  360.     Good  queen  of  heralds,  ply  the 
bottle,  and  sleep.* 


160  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

N.I.,  3,  2;  2,  365.      Foolish   queen   at  arms,   thy 

blazon's  false.* 

Rampant.    Fig.  5.  25,  33 

B.F.,  Induction;  2,  146.     As  fresh  a  hypocrite  as 

ever  was  broached,  rampant.* 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  I,  loo.     A  boar  without  a  head,  ram- 
pant. 93 
E.M.O.,  3,  i;  I,  100.     Ay,  and  rampant,  too!                                  93 
E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.      A  swine     .  .  .     ramping  to 

gentility.  93 

Poet.,  5,  i;  i,  256.     Ramp  up,  my  genius,* 
Tub.,  4,  2;  2,  468.     An  officer,  rampant.* 

Regardant.     Reguardant.    Fig.  16.  34,  80,  81 

C.R.,  3,  3;  i,  170.     If  reguardant,   then   maintain 

your  station.  80 

Reversed  arms.     See  Degradation.  122 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  325.     Reverse  his  coat-armour.  122 

Richard  III.        Incorporates  the    Heralds' 

College. 

Richmond  herald. 
See  also,  Camden,  William. 

Rose.     Fig.  8. 
Mq.  of  Beauty,  3,  13.     Two  roses,  a   white  and  a 

red.t  * 

Mq.  of  H.,  3,  23.     Lilies  and  roses. t  * 
P.H.B.,  3,  69.     The  roses  that  ensigned  particular 

families.  59,   132 

P.H.B.,  3,  69.    Joined  the  Rose  and  Thistle.  59,  132 

F.I.  (Mq.),  3,  198.    Joining  the  bright  Lily  and 

the  Rose.  59,  134 

Callip.,  3,  203.     Lilies  and  roses  twining  together.  59 

Callip.,  3,  203.     The'Rose  and  Lily  so  delicious.  60,  134 

Bols.,  3,  221.     The  blended  rose.  60,  135 

Bols.,  3,  221.     White  and  red  roses.  136 

Rouge-Croix  pursuivant.  62,  63 

Rouge-Dragon  pursuivant.  62,  63,  125 

Roundels.  34 

Sable.  15,  17 

C.I. A.,  4,  3;  2,  540.     Still  in  sable  and  costly  black 

array,  ha?  t  * 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  loo.     Between  two  ann'lets  sable.  94,  98 

In  the  arms  of  Marston.     Fig.  19.  102-3 


Index.  161 

Sad  Shepherd,  The.* 

Saint  Andrew's  Cross.     See  Saltier.     Fig.  6.  28-9 
Mq.  of  M.G.,  3, 141.     Fingers     .  .  .     held  up  in  an 

Andrew's  cross.  133 
St.  George,  Sir  Richard,      Norroy    king    of 

arms.  39,  85,  88 

Saint  George's  Cross.    Fig.  6  and  Fig.  24.      27,  28,  129,  130 
P.H.B.,3,67.     Marches    ...     with  St.    George's 

cross.  130 

Saltier.     Fig.  6.  28-9 

Sanguine.  15,  17 
S.  of  N.,  2,  i;  2,  292.     This  so  pure  complexion,  a 

perfect  sanguine. t  109-13 

Dr.  Winter's  note  on  this  passage.  109-10 

Comment  on  Dr.  Winter's  note.  110-13 

"Sanguine,"  in  this  passage,  not  heraldic.  113 

Sans  nombre.  83 
Epi.,   4,   2;    i,   448.      Tweaks  by  the    nose    sans 

nombre.  83 

Scotland,  Arms  of.  127 

K.J.E.,  2,  556.     The  .  .  .  coat  ...  of  Scotland.  127 

Scotland,  Badge  of.    See  Thistle.  132 

Scott,  Sir  Walter.      Quotation     from     Mar- 

mion,  IV,  vi,  vii.  62-3 

Scottish  College  of  Arms.  62-3 

Scrope-Grosvenor  trial.  133 

Scutcheon.     Escutcheon.     See  Shield.  13,  21 

C.I. A.,  4,  4;  2,  544.     A  gudgeon!  a  scutcheon  thou 

wouldst  say,  man.  78 
K.J.E.,  2,  556.     On  either  side  also  a  crown,  with 
the  like  scutcheons,  and  peculiar  coats  of 

France  and  Ireland.  127 

Second,  Of  the.  18 
S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  321.     A  sun  proper  beamy  twelve 

of  the  second.  H7>  IJ8 

Segar,  Sir  William,  Garter  king  of  arms.  67,  109 
Sejanus,  His  Fall.* 

Semee.     See  under  "sans  nombre."  83 

Mq.  of  H.,  3,  22.     Semined  with  stars.  34-5 

Shakspere,  Heraldic  passages  in: 
Alfred  von   Mauntz:     Heraldik  in  Diensten  der 

Shakespeares  Forschung.  3>  note 


162  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Quotation  from  Hamlet,  4,  2.                      »  36 

Quotation  from  The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  i,  i.  3 

Quotation  from  7  he  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  5,  5.  55 

Quotation  from  Much  Ado  About  Nothing,  i,  i.         .  36 

Quotation  from  Richard  II,  3,  i.  123 

Shield.     The  essential  part  of  a  coat  of  arms.  13 

Forms  of  the  heraldic  shield.  21 
See  also,  Escutcheon;  Scutcheon;  and  Lozenge. 
K.J.E.,  2,556.     Pensile  shields  .  .  .  the  one  limned 
with  the  particular  coat  of  England,  the 

other  of  Scotland.                           .  127 
Shirley,  James!    Quotation  from    The  Ball, 

i,  i.  14 

Silent  Woman,  The.    See  Epicoene.  80 

Sinister.  23 
Sogliardo.    Character  in  Every  Man   Out  of 

His  Humour.  89-98 
His  arms.     Fig.  17  and  Fig.  18.     E.M.O.,  3,    i;   i, 

loo.  92-8 

Summary  of  discussion  of  the  arms  of  Sogliardo.  98 

Sol.    An  heraldic  term  for  gold.  17,  18,  116 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  321.    I  come  from  Sol.  115-16 

Somerset  herald.  62 

Sources.  3-12,  139-41 

Staple  of  News,  The.  105-23 

Edition  by  Dr.  De  Winter.  77,  142 

Star.  34-5 

Mq.  of  H.,  3,  22.     Semined  with  stars.  35 

Subordinaries,  or  Subordinate  Ordinaries. 

See  Ordinaries  Generall.  26,  29 

Sun.     Fig.  22.  35>  IX7 

How  blazoned.  n8 
S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  321.     A  sun  proper  beamy  twelve 

of  the  second.  117-118 

Supporters.     Frontispiece  and  Fig.  15.  54,  57-8 
Supporters  of  the  arms  of  the  Tudor  and  Stuart 

sovereigns.  I25 
Tub.,  i,  3;  2,  445.     A  dragon  and  a  greyhound  for 

the  supporters.  I24~5 
K.J.E.,  2,  562.     The  entire  arms  of  the  kingdom, 

with  the  garter,  crown,  and  supporters.  128,  129 

Tabard.    Taberd.  126 


Index.  !63 

Tub.,  i,  3;  2,  445.     The  taberd  of  his  office,  I  will 

cal1  {i-  124,  I26 

Welbk.,  3,  215.     In  a  taberd,  or  herald's  coat.  135 

Welbk.,  3,  216.     Taberd  or  coat-armour.  I35 

Tale  of  a  Tub,  A.  I24 

Tasselled.  I2I 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  322.     Argent,  three  leeks  vert   in 

canton  or,  tasselled  of  the  first.  i™   i2i 

Tenne.  i^  j_ 

Thistle.    Emblem  of  Scotland.  132 

P.H.B.,  3,  69.    Joined  the  Rose  and  Thistle.  132 

Thorns  pungent.  I00 

Poet.,  2,  i;   i,  218.     A  bloody  toe  between  three 

thorns  pungent.  99-104 

Thynne,  Francis.     Lancaster  herald.  63,  64,  141 

Discourse  of  the  Dutye  and  Office  of  an  Heraulde 

of  Arms.  63,  64,  141 

Tinctures.  14-15 

Blazon  of  Tinctures.  17 

Composition  of  Tinctures.  20 

Modern  method  of  indicating  Tinctures.  19,  109-10,  112 

See  also:     Metals;  Colours;  Furs. 
E.M.O.,  Dedication;  i,  61.     Some  bencher,  tincted 

with  humanity.t* 

Tub.,  2,  i;  2,  454.     Staining  the  roseate  tincture 
of  her  blood  with  the  dull  dye  of  blue  con- 
gealing cold.t* 
Mq.  of  Blk.,  3,  5.     The  fearful  tincture  of  abhorred 

gray.t* 
Merc.  Vind.     (Mq.),  3,  99.     That's  the  word  of 

tincture. t* 

Merc.  Vind.      (Mq.),    3,    99.      Tincture    of    con- 
science.t* 
F.I.     (Mq.),    3,     193.      This    little     gallipot     of 

tincture,  high  rose  tincture. t* 

Toe.  A  bloody.  99-100 

Poet.,  2,  i;   i,  218.     A  bloody  toe  between  three 

thorns  pungent.  99-104 

Tricking.  19-20 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  100.     It  cost  me  two  shillings  the 

tricking.  94 

Poet.,  i,  i;  \,  212.     There  they  are  tricked,  they 

and  their  pedigrees.  99 


164  Heralds  &  Heraldry. 

Trumpeters.     See  Funerals,  heraldic. 
S.  of  N.,  i,  a;  2,  288.     Buried  with  the  trumpeters. 

.  .  .  the  heralds  of  arms.  105,  106-8 

Tudor  Rose.    See  Rose. 

Usurpation  of  arms.  132-3 

Chal.  at  T.,  3,  88.     Those  arms  are  usurped.  132-3 

Vanbrugh,  Sir  John;  appointed  Clarencieux.  85 

Vert.  ,  15,  17 

See  also  the  note  on  "Sanguine,"  S.  of  N.,  2,  i;  a, 

292.  109-13 

E.M.O.,   3,    i;   i,    loo.    Checquy,   or,    vert,    and 

ermins.  94,  96 

S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  322.     Three  leeks  vert.  119,120 

Vincent,  Augustine,  Windsor  herald.  87 

Visitations,  heraldic.  64,  65,  68 

Glover:     Visitation  of  Yorkshire.  39~45>  *39 

Camden's  visitations  by  deputy.  68,  86-8 

Volpone,  or  The  Fox.  126 

Webster.    Quotation    from    The   Duchess  of 

Malfi,  4,  2.  i 

Windsor  herald.  62,  63 

See  also,  Vincent,  Augustine.  87 

Winter,  Dr.  De.     Editor  of  The   Staple  of 

News.  77,  142 

His  note  on    "Buried   -with  the   trumpeters,"  S. 

of  N.,  i,  2;  2,  288.  107-8 

On  "The  Elements  and  the  Accidence,"  S.  of  N., 

2,  i;  2,  292.  108-9 

On  "Sanguine,"  S.  of  N.,  2,  i;  2,  292.  109-13 

On  "Sol,"  S.  of  N.,  4,  i;  2,  321.  116 

Word.     Motto.  52 

E.M.O.,  3,  i;  i,  loo.     Let  the  word  be  'Not  with- 
out mustard.1  94,  98 
P.H.B.,  3,  67.     His  crest  .  .  .  with  this  fit  word, 

'I  serve.'  130,  132 

Wreath.  51 

Wyrley,  William.     His  True  Use  of  Armorie, 

1592.  141 

York  herald.  62,  63 

See  also,  Brooke,  Ralph. 

York,  Rose  of.    See  Rose. 


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